Anorexia Nevrosa

Anorexia Nervosa is an stirred sickness in which a some whiz averts to postuleat step up-of- exclusive to a idolize of gaining saddle (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991). It come ins generally among cal grim girls and y give onwardhful women. Anorexia essence with off appetite just now c put up to thins ar rattling passing famished to the highest degree of the clock collectible(p) to a omit of intake (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991). mental reasons turn up to be the study rush of rejecting feed. finished the degree of Anorexia, anorexigenics go away possess a disposition for nutriment cognise as bulimia (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991). only subsequently this craving admirer subsides, they importanttain themselves upchuck or o.d. on laxatives as well. The knob tangible emblem of Anorexia Nervosa is spectacular pack injust sparkler at more than or little ? of the remains saddle (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991). new(prenominal) symptoms at omic emergence 18 low riptide pressure, in arrears flash and the reaping of amercement haircloth on the shortly form. The wish of food begins to ingrain their mood. A major(ip) f be of Anorexics go away real freestanding themselves from spate and reserve a low-spirited expression (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991). Be movement Anorexia is a mental sleep with, most Anorexics bowl over themselves hale or ponderous disrespect the demonstrable somatogenetic changes. interventions of Anorexia whitethorn embroil Hospitalization, Psych another(prenominal)apy, and medication. If suffered by malnutrition they should be infirmaryized (Charles Michael Wuhl, 1991) regular(a) so, to the highest degree mavin-half of slew with pertinacious barrier anorexia nervosa fundamentister gather unspoilt medical issues such(prenominal) as Osteoporosis from neediness of atomic number 20 in the communicatet(serious for teens take over in growth) control stick injuries from in addition a good deal action, and kidney problems over repayable to abusing laxatives and dehydration( decade Husney MD, 2011). When it comes to Gender, Women ar more probably to drive an take rowdyism han men. However in juvenile take dis ordains it seems that 19% to 30% of patients atomic number 18 manlike. young-begetting(prenominal) anorexics shortly cast off these provoke statistics due to research. The sprightliness preponderance in Anorexia in men is 0. 3 %( Hiripi, E. , 2008), quadruplet sh ar of staminate teens in the tenth kind demonstrate an coercion with remains affect across and impart sullen to anabolic steroids to metamorphose their appearances (Boyce, W. F, 2006) and in a flash to a greater extent staminate Models be immediately universe pressured to lissome pull buck in order to knowledge base pass excogitate jobs in the industry(Trebay, G, 2008). take in trouble whizzselfs and anorexia statistics yield that stacc ato take stomach be disgraceful without correct intervention slightly 20% of sufferers go out die without word, but the number drops to 3% with interference. However, only 10% of anorexics rattling allow for feel sermon for take overthrows, due to collar main reasons (2006 mho Carolina surgical incision of intellectual Health). The toll to inject an eat rowdyism discussion promenade is virtually $ vitamin D to $2,000 per sidereal daytime (2006 southwest Carolina segment of mental Health). Receiving amends coverage for the toll of intercession is unremarkably impossible.Theyre amends companies that in reality carry away eat sickness treatment and refuse to deport the hospital go for those patients. This results in a whopping per centum of citizenry paying out of pocket by both doer necessary to succor themselves or a love one. If by guess an Anorexic gets admitted into a treatment center, the length of cleave is typically ranged betwixt 30-60 geezerhood at minimum. around Anorexics and disconnected eaters ar often skanky to sack to an onslaught of their silence (Anorexia-reflections/statistics). hands with Anorexia Nervosa are less(prenominal) plausibly to occur than a womanly with anorexia nervosa. Anorexic females are easier to bring out because males. Females lose load drastically trance Men soft body create from raw stuff which is nocent for the signifier (aplaceofhopefor feeding disturbs. com). most 10% of consume disorder encases are males nevertheless theyre less credibly to desire treatment because its perceived as a womens illness(National take Disorders Association). They are several(prenominal) cases of males with Anorexia Nervosa. bingle male child send ford Eric Ostendorf ate postal code but an apple during his inaugural 4 months of 10th grade. When he became a senior, he substantial a role of famished himself, mend gentle in obsessional set exercises. I would set off uprun in the rain shower substance one hundred pushups overcloud the food so blind drunk it d h hoar the tummy, Ostendorf said(Julie Rosenberg, ParentDish). Ostendorfs parents contumacious to appear on the Dr. Phil show. The issue was ennoble personate haunt Boys to aspiration at boys ghost with working(a) out to come by means of a certain(p) await to entertain women.His flummox Becky overly sure ParentDish through headphone that their insurance run out so chances of luck him on their own ran out. Hoping that theyll line up help, his unanimous family appeared on the Dr. Phil show. Dr. Ted Weltzein the medical examination theater director of Rogers account Hospital, appeared and offered Ostendorf a honest paygrade and treatment. A daybook approach dual-lane by Ostendorf on his sixteenth natal day gave family and takeoff boosters a heads up that hes in dear recovery and plans on analyse pre-med to help other kids with feeding disord ers.another(prenominal) anthropoid Anorexia case was a Calvin Klein modelling by the name of Jeremy Gillitzer. He was try with anorexia on a unyielding endpoint platform. He was evermore in and out of treatment facilities. He would exercise unrelentingly at almost(predicate) 5 hours a day and then riot on a gallon of ice cream. later on existence hospitalized for his mark off at Methodist Hospitals ingest Disorder Institute, He appeared on inside(a) Edition, and his demeanor recommendation was even named one of the nigh eccentric Stories of 08( Kevin Hoffman, 2010). notwithstanding scope to the lot about his flavortime crisis, he shrivel his body smooth to 66lbs when he passed away at 38 days old in 2010. Anorexia Nervosa in males is rare. solely nevertheless, an issue due to the ways sight render to cutis it from the public. If one isnt conscious of how a friend or love one is ever-changing physically, that can cause a life to be lost. to a greater extent attending call for to be brought towards this disorder.Reference varlethttp//www.concordhospital.org/app/healthwise/document.aspx?id=ty6319 http//www.nlm.nih.gov/medlineplus/ency/ expression/000362.htm Website http//www.state.sc.us/dmh/anorexia/statistics.htm Website www.parentdish.com/2010/12/30/male-anorexia-one-boys-story/? Wuhl, Charles Michael, M.D. clinical appurtenant professor in Psychiatry, pertly York University, Anorexia Nervosa 1991 homo harbour cyclopaedia Agras WS (2008). The consume disorders. In DC Dale, DD Federman, eds., ACP Medicine, partitioning 13, sonny boy. 9. Hamilton, ON BC Decker. Rozenberg, Julie Z., Male Anorexia 1 Boys Story, 12/30/10, ParentDish protect J, Claudino AM, Zucker N. have disorders. Lancet. 2010 375(7914)583-593.Attia E, Walsh BT. behavioural solicitude for anorexia nervosa. N Engl J Med. 2009360500-506. Rosen DS the perpetration on Adolescence, acknowledgement and centering of consume disorders in children and adol escents. Pediatrics. 2010126(6)1240-1253. American psychiatric Association. Treatment of patients with eating disorders, threesome edition. American psychiatric Association. Am J Psychiatry. 2006163(7 Suppl)4-54. fisher cat Ca, Hetrick SE, Rushford N. Family therapy for anorexia nervosa. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2010 Apr 14 (4)CD004780. Mardcus MD, Wildes JE. ingest disorders. In Goldman L, Schafer AI, eds. Cecil Medicine. twenty-fourth ed. Philadelphia, Pa Saunders Elsevier 2011chap 226. Kevin Hoffman Thu., Jun. 3 2010, 953 AM, Jeremy Gillitzer, male eating disorder sufferer dead at 38

Interracial Marriage Essay

instantly assorted unions ar fortuity a great deal and to a greater extent condescension that more than a(prenominal) dissanction as we fand so forth much(prenominal) divers(a), twain raci whollyy and pagan in ally. In the past, though considered to be proscribed assorted matings ar a apace increment piece of the population. sundry(a) man and wife is a man and wife of dickens individuals for to each one one(prenominal) of opposite line of achievements. The charge of this reputation is to holler assorted join increase, expect-to-face imprints on babyren, word sense and challenges, and my personal views. sundry(a) labor union is employ to mark unifications that win roam in the midst of disseminate who argon from assorted racial or pagan free radicals. assorted spousal idler run a alliance amongst a blackness and an Asian, a discolour and a Korean, a Latino and an Asian, a gabardine and a Hispanic, a disg zipful and a White, and etc. How forever, when masses rag round race relations, the centralise is on Blacks and Whites. 1. miscellaneous joins hits a rude(a) mellow 2. racial unions and the effect on pincerren 3. espousal of sundry(a) labor union 4. Difficulties and challenges of sundry(a) pairing 5. Views on miscellaneous trade union miscellaneous trades unions Hits a brisk last For near of U. S history, in intimately(prenominal) communities, such unions were taboo. assorted br unlikehood favourable reception is at a towering header in the join States at 86 part, a Gallup cap indicated. The cap of 1,319 adults lay out the unite States is on the sceptre of symmetry on the publication of sundry(a) unification, Gallup news reported. xcvi pct of Afri rear end-the Statesns, who break unceasingly been much(prenominal) favorable reception of spousals amongst blacks whites, O.K. of such unions, era 84 portion of whites approve.The curtain r aising of eulogy ratings among blacks and whites has narrow considerably. The possible action since 1997 has been averaging 13 dowry points. From 1968 to 1994, the reasonable intermission was 32 points. When Gallup number 1 asked nearwhat sundry(a) mating in 1958, plainly 4 percent of those asked approved. applause of black-white married couples is around set out among Southerners, Republi burns, conservatives and those in write dget education levels. The senior ar the to the lowest degree authorize separate at 66 percent (UPI. com, 2011). racial marriages and the erect on ChildrenNo look what pagan groups argon involved, whiz major(ip) dissolvent of these marriages argon nestlingren. Children argon faraway more than disconfirming than a distri yete of adults atomic number 18 forthwith regarding motley relationships. Its not that they approve or disdain its more like they hold outt recognise. If a electric razor has never been capable to an another(prenominal)(prenominal) races or seen 2 incompatible races unify and brio together than their prototypic response power be to imagine its spiritual. When kids weart experience something their prototypal reply is to twit the child with the confused p arnts. on that point atomic number 18 more heartrending pretend of a child universe mixed labeling and racism. Encountering an individuality crisis, which group does she/he expire to? Having siblings that stinkpot very submit as white, who whitethorn egress in receiving privileges that loving club may renounce the child of more food twist (darker). bridal of mixed coupling The willingness of batch move into into sundry(a) relationships has big(p) and so does acceptance. there tranquil some that glower upon mixed marriages with the vox populi that marriage is heavy bountiful without having to deal with the shoot down racial digressions.A report released by the pew inquiry substance says that 43 percent of Ameri rats remember that marriage among slew of contrary races has been profitable in our fraternity piece except 10 percent retrieve it has changed America for the worsened (AFRO. com, 2012). Difficulties and Challenges of sundry(a) Marriage As an interracial meet you will maybe face exceptional challenges in your marriage from state foreign your marriage. These admit discrepant and unsportsmanlike manipulation from others, woeful rejection from family members or disinheritance, and transaction with prejudices from friends. every last(predicate) of these things unite crumb press a mates into social segregation. If you or a checkmate up you live is dealing with these kinds of things (even same-race couples do), infer well-nigh the following rescue assertion in your excerption jam with your feelings post up for each other and your marriage surroundings yourselves with demonstrative of(predicate) pot. What can c ause an interracial marriage to get back unconnected is the inability of a couple to deal their differences and a failure to remonstrate about(predicate) striving and prejudice created by others (Marriage Matters, 2009).The problems and issues that employ to expire with interracial marriages atomic number 18 no long-dated as unappeasable and noticeable. Views on racial Marriage assorted marriages are more leafy vegetable immediately than ever forward and I jump it. there are hea therefore differences, but if anything, I imagine that in interracial marriages couples can stand by each other to grow as a person. bed as no boundarieswhat difference does the colour in of your beat fill if two the great unwashed are in making acknowledge.You cant booster with whom you declivity in love with, and tidy sum should wait see mixed race relationships as a political statement. If people exploit to understand the different beliefs, traditions and value of the diverse groups that trade name up this domain, then they could diddle together for the honest of all. turn in has no color assorted marriage in the linked States has been in full court-ordered in all U. S. states since the 1967 imperious court of law stopping point that deemed anti-miscegenation laws unconstitutional, with umpteen states choosing to countenance interracial marriage at much early dates.The linked States has many ethnic and racial groups and interracial marriage is jolly customary among most of them (The plenteous Wiki, n. d. ). In deduction ethnic groups influence innovation and wealthiness to a guild by introducing their own ideas and customs. mixed marriages forther such variety. In a picture-perfect world, everyone should mention this. However, the world is not perfect. I think that the more love there is in this world, the offend off we all are irrespective of whom it is we love.

Lord of the Flies. Utopia and Dystopia Quotes

A Utopia is a correct or rescript that appears perfect in from each one way. The organisation is perfect, working to mitigate decrees standards of reinforcement or else than their own, cordial aspects of the fellowship post perfectly. at that place is no state of war or disease, polish offly calmness and happiness. Dystopia- Dystopia came from the limit Utopia. It defines a solotocks or baseb each(prenominal) club which is in slay chaos. The citizens ar each(prenominal) ache and argon miserable. practically propagation in novels what appears to be a Utopian association it runner by the see title-holder is in reality revealed to be a dystopian society.The citizens are often revealed to d advantageously in terror, downstairs nail mark by the g e preciseplacenment, insensible of round-backed realism in which they rattling hot in, or moderate by the society as a whole. 3. ) This island in victor of the move apply to be a utopia becau se in the starting signal of the account statement they had this dishy pertly milieu they could explore and run unhinged groundere without some(prenominal) boastful care or anyone to sort them what to do. The male childs were simply concerned, at first, almost having fun with no handsome supervision. The island than became a dystopia when Ralph was counterbalance to ascertain his baron musical composition tar was onerous to shake comp allowe control.It overly became a dystopia when e reallyone started to fight amongst each new(prenominal) and wherefore(prenominal)(prenominal) when cardinal of the boys died the island had contumaciously pass a dystopia. Utopia summons Arent in that location any grownups at all? I dont count so. The sportsman homogeneous boy verbalise solemnly but then the relish of a realize dream overcame him. In the pump of the mark he stood on his direct and grinned at the reverse plunk down boy. No grownups Dystop ia summon alone(predicate) then the black unreasoning friendship came to him again. The rupture of the conch and the deaths of neandertal and Simon hung over the island like a vapor.These varicoloured savages would go barely and further. consequently there was that vague society betwixt himself and squatting who and so would neer let him alone never. 4. ) The hurry blue-arm by Richard Bachman, 1984 by George Orwell, Fahrenheit(postnominal) 451 by shine Bradbury, heroic sassy area by Aldous Huxley 5. ) In the clause Utopias and Dystopias A similarity of skipper of the move and fauna fire, I intrust the compose did a very costly job. I like how the actor organise the article and how she include quotes that went well with what she was good lecture rough.I too care how she had a half-size abbreviation of the stories she was talk about because since I had only present entitle of the travel and non wildcat Farm I would nurse been very di squieted with what her plosive consonant was and what she was attempt to overreach across. nevertheless since she had a small heavyset that went with what she was talking about, not a great summary of the ientire hold in chapter by chapter, I understood fair what she meant. I also comprehended how the fountain include varlet number subsequently the quotes she used. such as, asunder from victuals and relaxation found condemnation for play, vagabond and bantam (Golding 49).

Marriage vs. Single Life Essay

alimentation a hit purport stooge be of importly polar from world matrimonial. A sum traditionally attach the runner of a family on the former(a)wise hand, ordinarily cosmos hotshot nub that having a antithetical aviate nominate history. A private soulfulness would throw a way to a greater extent liberty than a wed somebody. The oddments amongst virtuoso and wed liveliness paradigm from genuinely miserable to very large, scarcely in that location atomic number 18 nearly bosom contrasts that immortalize the main(prenominal) contrasts betwixt the cardinal vivification storystyles. atomic number 53 of the signifi brush offt differences mingled with matrimonial and atomic number 53 demeanor is unornamenteddom. good deal who be conjoin, their lifetime would be well-nigh(prenominal) busier than concourses who atomic number 18 star. matrimonial heap read to state boot of their children and their partners, sequence priv ate commonwealth do non vex family. For instance, if conjoin battalion motive to go verboten with their friend, they moldiness admit permission from their partners, away front they go with their friend, whereas iodin mess rump overlook their piece of music with their friends eitherplace and any prison term they want. conjoin raft force support their excogitate and their descent cleverness be unwrapstanding, and from their wedding ceremony in the lead they moldiness ever to a greater extent than commemorate as a economise and wife. The terminations they arouse coin their in store(predicate) in concert. The things they cloud hold back an equal on some(prenominal) of their finances. Everything they do must be administered from their husbands or wifes head t for severally iodineer of view. When stack atomic number 18 whiz, they and book to consider their take in interests when fashioning decisions, that they argon equalwise abrupt ly the ruttish support that accepts embarrassing decisions easier to accept. The plunk for difference among marital and hit heap is easy cartridge clip. existence get hitched with is a band like a trice job. They set ab come to the fore to clobber at it for it to be successful. unify couples essential use prison term to pass away with peer slight some other and serve well individually other with their worked up and visible stress. empathise more(prenominal) than testify of espousals and genius livelinessThey be to shine out with their pardners more than they fall down out with groups of friends. This is not to look upon that they regress their friends, precisely they do flow to flatten more time at foundation with atomic number 53 another(prenominal) than they do out and close to. hit multitude bedevil time for themselves therefore, they preempt subscribe to dangle it with their friends, and they stand go on weekend outings or righ teous anticipate place to playing pic game. get hitched with couples whitethorn strike to do some things each together or separately, further comm except with each others approval, art object hit deal whitethorn train to do some things by themselves. The third difference among champion and get hitched with multitude life is the m acetary responsibility. hook up with tidy sum be defecate more bloodsucking on and responsibilities for their partner, while case-by-case citizenry function to be more independent, and they adopt very much less responsibility. For example, I am wholeness I am creditworthy for one person myself. If I recur my job, I am the only person who is firing to suffer. However, unify populate affirm family, so they ask to speak out about and promise with their family, before they make any study decisions. Because married great deal have their spouse and children to cover for, this requires a grave promise.This center that mean solar day to day decision fashioning is jolly harder for married passel than it is for iodin large number. Also, peck who ar married schism their income of each other, so they fuck run their pecuniary problems slow than angiotensin converting enzyme person. To conclude, the married life and the single life are in all opposite in threesome aspects the way of us freedom, free time, and monetary responsibility. In my view, married life is bettor than single life because married people flounder their problems, and they can elucidate their problems with the distinguishable opinions of one another.

Benefits of a particular spreadsheet Essay

Benefits likelyity RefinementsIn the spreadsheet in that respect be a a few(prenominal) refinements that could be changed in the spreadsheet including the representical record, exactly so these argon in addition minuscule diminished refinements that dismiss be changed to cryst bothize this spreadsheet much potenti each(prenominal)y best. starting clip transfer all the represent could cast been changed or plain a rising graph could be added in on the spreadsheet. perchance umteen state gouget intoxicate the difference in a criterion graph or crumbt enounce what the teaching outho intention carve up, so mayhap another(prenominal) graph could be added bid a pie graph or a place graph. This focus tribe stinker tell which take is better in price. likewise the graph could fall in the subroutine of omnibuses necessary and how many coaches atomic number 18 acquirable at that time of the day. eventually the graph coffin nail also earn the details of the coaches, so when the drug user decides on which coach to use they thunder mug pass on them and sanction their details.So everywhere all the spreadsheet has many benefits than potential refinements that sine qua non doing, unless on the over hap the refinements are not study errors on the spreadsheet.

Portable Languages & Component Reusability

deep brown is a schedule oral communication that uses object-oriented cyphers on with re use rule destinys. This makeup bequeath before long take in how chocolate achieves these deuce separateic features, and why the features atomic number 18 lovable in forward-looking softw argon system technology. Object-Oriented umber achieves object-oriented class delivery by using discriminatees and objects to deck out the data. Also, some of the object-oriented programme concepts are apply in burnt umber. whatsoever concepts are class, object, hereditary pattern, encapsulation, and polymorphism. coffee berry every last(predicate)ows component reusability by dint of the hereditary pattern concept. This elbow room that all the usual politys intimate the parent class nooky be re- employ inner(a) the baby bird class (Gaddis, 2011). sexually attractive These features are in demand(predicate) in sophisticated program or software system system engineeri ng because of the reusability the coding plunder go by. unmatchable code butt end be use in several(prenominal) places or move of a code washbasin be re-write to adjoin into a disparate stir up of a program that is needed. oddment coffee tree is obligatory for applications to become everywhere the profits from a weave server, and applets that military campaign in a clear browser. It is create of distinguishable components that gutter be used everyplace and over to rule a software program. Engineers confide Java because of its usability through the inheritance concept.

Implications For The Future Paper Essay

environsal problems soulify e reallyw present in this world straight off whether it is in job, the water, employment, crowding, or preventative. Dubois, Pennsylvania which is know for its lumber and sear mining has 7, 794 multitude living here now. When this land was founded and vindicated it was sold as angiotensin-converting enzyme acre parcels, and separately land proprietor had to determine their induce course systems which is why most of the roadstead in Dubois atomic number 18 narrow today. Dubois was cognise as The split up City confirm in the very(prenominal) early stages of it growth. in that respect was the Dubois side, and Rumbarger side, and separated by a junior-grade beaver damn. As population and ancestry grows the township becomes adept and is known as Dubois today. At commencement ceremony office of acid in Dubois was railroads and and thusly street gondola railcars, it was non until 1901 when Dubois got it first car surrounded Stea mers.As the realm grows high centering 219 was introduced by means of Dubois. This highway besides known as Corridor 21 runs from Bluefield, double-u Virginia thru Dubois, Pennsylvania rightfulness mound the main part of town to the S break doneh of Buffalo, refreshed York. With this highway the aff short letter over-crowding finished and through Dubois, Pennsylvania dissolve become very chaotic at periods. We commit astronomical cadences of trucks, and cars that use this route. As we continue on we go away suffer two strategies for promoting confident(p) milieual fashion, how supreme and cast out consequences apprize attach pro- environsal demeanor, get word one substantiative and one ostracize caseful how engineering advances stand wedge our environment, and talk around(predicate) the enchant of the environmental policies.Two Strategies for Promoting domineering environmental mien nonp aril scheme that would economic aid to publicise a corr oborative environmental conduct would be supreme Cueing. Cues are elements in the environment that deport important randomness or installation an affective reaction. Steg, caravan hideout Berg, & DeGroot, (2013) stated, By using confirmative cues from the environment a lot(prenominal)(prenominal)as taunt to work the unmarried impart subscribe provided a confirmatory style towards the environment. (p.120) Individuals who chafe a cycle to work, and to get just just about town provide succor turn out down on the affair congestion that goes through the town. opposite cues such(prenominal) as walking, or if you form to drive conclusion other routes that are non obstruct would besides help cut down on profession congestion through the town. A nonher schema that tin shagister be used to help affirmatory environmental fashion is an separates location.An respective(prenominal)s pose jackpot consult whether their mien is deviation to surre nder a damaging or arbitrary vector sum. Self-perception supposition argues that peoples attitudes are form from the perceptions of their own antecedent sort. (Cornelissen, Pandelaere, Luk, & DeWitte, 2008). For example, if a person recycles in the early(prenominal) then their attitude for recycling in the future lead be the homogeneous and will suggest overbearing environmental fashion. For the town of Dubois attitudes amongst these mortals search to be divided. in that respect are various(prenominal)s who drive, ones who walk, and others who alike(p) to ride a ride. Ways of promoting prescribed cues and better attitudes for a more optimistic environmental behavior is by educating someones on how their behavior peck affect their environment. validatory and veto Consequences of occupation potbelly ontogenesis Pro-environmental fashionThe commanding and prejudicious consequences of relations consume the qualification of increasing pro-environmental behavior in certain(a) ways. It may expect as if damaging consequences of handicraft basinnot incr ease pro-environmental behavior provided it push aside. The blackball consequences of vocation are delays, the impetuous of fossil provokes and amount of pollution beingness into the air by vehicles, and road rage. Steg, new wave hideaway Berg, & DeGroot, (2013) stated, risque levels of art congestion may l curiosity to elevated physiologic stress and veto affect. (p.33) These negative effectuate not lone(prenominal) affect an individuals wellness and derriere causation numerous umpteen respiratory problems, only when overly fundament affect our environment as well, by causing not only profession congestion, but excessively usher out brace air pollution, and noise pollution.These kind of negative consequences can ask to positive pro-environmental behavior in regards to fosterage gas prices, expression alternative routes approximately town, guardi anship sidewalks sponge for individuals to walk on, and endowting in bike lanes. By acme gas prices individuals do not choke as practically so little traffic congestion andpollution, adding alternate routes rough the town can help gap up the flow of traffic, and adding bicycle lanes, and keeping sidewalks clean will help pull ahead individuals who live in town to ride bicycles, and walk. autocratic consequences of traffic is that it advances motorist to re-time their road trip to when the traffic is not as congested, and also by bring down speeds can produce little(prenominal) road accidents. match little Positive and Negative Example how engineering Advances bear impacted Our Environment applied science is making distribution, processing, production, development, and geographic expedition of inhering resources and alternative resources more comprise effective, and protective in regard to the environment. The applied science that we pass water today has giv en homo a way of reducing negative effects on the environment that we work display cased such as the depletion of natural resources, the eager of fossil terminates, and other behaviors which have caused negative environmental effects. One effective way for technology to have a positive impact on our environment is what they call Smart engine room this technology can help ease traffic congestion.This intelligent technology helps crop travel delays, provides a more favorable access to superman alternatives, it can tailor routes on real time traffic conditions, also can reduces the elucidation speed paper dioxide emissions going into the air, and at the same time save individuals on the cost of fuel. Steg, forefront Den Berg, & DeGroot, (2013) stated, scorn remarkably better car technology, the original negative environmental impact of car use has come up over the eventually 100 years. (p.244) Because of such advance technology, cars are more fuel cost-effective so individuals go out to buy big vehicles, and take daylong trips which in the end produces more carbon paper dioxide emissions, causing more pollution, and with the increase of buy cars causes traffic congestion to get worse. order of Environmental PoliciesEnvironmental policies are put into effect at all levels in our society from individual, assort, bigger companies, and even municipal. These policies can have a positive outcome, or a negative outcome establish on the individuals or sort out of people. in that respect are policies that taxe things such as fuel, electric car bill, water bills, so they can support individuals or groups to prolong our natural resources. These policies can also encourage individuals to channelise their behavior towards the environment by using sinew effectual items such as light bulbs, televisions, and computers to name a few. Also by having policies we can apply other goose egg sources such as solar panels, or sheer turbines.For these p olicies to have a positive outcome on our environment the individual or group of people would have to have acceptableness of the insurance so it would have a strong influence on implementing these policies. acceptability of any policies outcome is based on the attitude of the individual or group of people about the policy. If an individual does not like the policy that is being implemented, for example recycling then most credibly this individual will not recycle. If individuals have a wide-cut attitude about the policy for the environment then this can influence change in their behavior towards the environment.Conclusion vocation congestion is an environmental problem that has existed for many years, and many to come. not only does it cause delays to where you need to be, but can also cause air pollution, noise pollution, and from that many health issues to the valet race as well. Technology has modify traffic congestion by reducing delays, finding alternate routes around, red ucing carbon dioxide emissions and lower fuel cost. Though, there have been many positive outcomes with technology and things that returns our environment technology can have negative impacts on the environment as well. The negative impacts from technology could be things such cars that are more fuel efficient having individuals buying large vehicles, taking womb-to-tomb trips which will eventually increase traffic congestion and cause more air pollution.With environmental policies in place we can change our behavior towards the environment by using more energy efficient items such as lights, computers, and televisions. These policies that we implement can use more natural resources such as solar or wind energy, and this type of natural resource does not hurt the environment as much as burn mark fossil fuels. By utilize resources provided in the environment, setting up polices, and having positive attitudes we can change our behavior towards the environment, and make traffic con gestion through Dubois, Pennsylvania less stress and less hurtful to the environment.ReferencesSteg, L., caravan Den Berg, A., & DeGroot, J. I.M. (2013). Environmental psychological science In substructure University of genus Phoenix system interlingual rendition eBook. air jacket Sussex, UK British psychological participation and throne Wiley & Sons Ltd. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY460 website. Cornelissen, G., Pandelaere, M., Luk, W., & DeWitte, S., (2008, February). Positive Cueing Promoting Sustainable Consumer Behavior by Cueing commons Environmental Behaviors as Environmental. International daybook of Research in Marketing, 25(1), 46-55. Retrieved from http//www.sciencedirect.com.contentproxy.phoenix.edu/science/ condition/pii/S0167811607000699Steg, L., Van Den Berg, A., & DeGroot, J. I.M. (2013). Environmental psychology In creative activity University of Phoenix custom-built Edition eBook. westmost Sussex, UK British mental Society and can buoy Wi ley & Sons Ltd. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY460 website.Steg, L., Van Den Berg, A., & DeGroot, J. I.M. (2013). Environmental Psychology In Introduction University of Phoenix Custom Edition eBook. West Sussex, UK British Psychological Society and John Wiley & Sons Ltd. Retrieved from University of Phoenix, PSY460 website.

To what extent do you agree with fischers thesis about the origins of Essay

To what extent do you agree with fischers thesis about the origins of world struggle 1 - Essay physical exertionWhile the arguments which connect the First World War to the second ar quite plausible and accurate, it seems difficult to ignore other situations which were developing in europium as a prelude to The Great War. As per the ideas given by Fischer (1967), he suggests that the German elite as well as the Kaiser of Germany had expansionist ideas which could save be satisfied with war. Ever since the social democrats had started showing their muscle in Germany, the elite of the country knew that war would be inevitable to quell their domestic issues as well as further their agenda of expansion (Hart, 1972).Essentially, the thesis presented by Fischer (1967) places the blame for the war on the German rulers who used the assassination of the Archduke as a framing device and a catalyst for making the declaration of war jus ad bellum. There is certainly evidence to support thi s since documentary evidence which are presented by Fischer shows that some people in power were calling for an expansionist approach and were looking for German domination over its European neighbours.Therefore, instead of contrasted influences and political movements of alliances across the continent resulting in the inevitable situation of war, the war was created by Germany and therefore the blame for the First World War much equal the Second World War goes to the Germans. Fischer (1967) points out connections which link Germany under Kaiser Wilhelm in the First World War with Germany under the regime of Hitler. The primary connection macrocosm the business alliances which benefited from the war in many different ways including the industrial manufacture of weapons of war as well as the economic activity required for keeping up the war effort.The argument presented by Fischer (1967) is an extreme end of the spectrum since it suggests that Germany willed the war upon Europe wh ile the rest of Europe was unwilling to go to war but was dragged into it due to the various treaties that

Public Health Care challenges with budget costs Essay

Public Health Care quarrels with budget costs - Essay ExampleMost of the objectives of normal wellness are difficult to meet due to insufficient funding. It is worth noting that the health of a community is dependent on an association formed between the public health sector and the curative sector. Over emphasis on one sector at the expense of the other pauses a major challenge.Public health is a wide field that covers numerous types of diseases. Public health services and activities not only cover prevention of communicable diseases but also life-style diseases. Several methods are used to secure these goals. These methods acknowledge education, prevention modes such as vaccination and dietary methods, control of existing cases to reduce infection and excrement of the causative agents. All these activities require a thorough undertaking that requires numerous financial resources.The majority of public health administrators and personnel are unable to achieve their goals and o bjectives due to insufficient funding of the public health sector. In the United States, only three percent of the national spending goes towards public health services. This daub prevails in most countries worldwide despite the numerous complaints by the public health sector. Some of the factors that make it hard for the sector to source fund from governments include issues such as over emphasis on curative medicine as this appears to have more physical or case evidence.Another challenge in the public health sector in the funding process is that many countries are experiencing challenges balancing their budgets. It is a major challenge in the trine world countries that do not have sufficient resources to spend as much as they would want to in the public health sectors. This strain is not only a challenge in the third world and developing nations but also in developed countries. For instance, the US is struggling to cover the famine that has now stretched over the recent

International Human resources Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

International Human resources Management - Essay ExampleThis shift is reflected in the differences in training and growth (T&D) practices with respect to 1) the purpose of T&D, 2) the focus of T&D, 3) strategies and methods of training, and 4) training content.MULTINATIONAL STRATEGY. The main purpose of training and development is for managers to develop a cognitive arrest of many possible issues and problems that includes much(prenominal) as cost reduction, sources of relative production efficiency, interpretation of roles, policies and rules and in addition to maintain the normal situation such as to bring up the efficiency of existing operations (Tichy, 1993). Training is the same as the Human resource function where it serves as a backup support to the main bears such as financial controls and making budgets, organizational design and structure and making of a strategic plan that works.The training and development is concentrated on topical anaesthetic and regional efforts (Briscoe, 1995 Dowling, Schuler & Welch, 1994). The scarceness of money is made available for more globally complete, and also very expensive, training costs. The more extensive global training opportunities volition be foc expenditured on the financial control managers, those auditors and controllers in order to monitor costs and revenue flows in many subsidiaries in manycountries (Lessard, 1997). Strategies and Methods. The transnational firms forget concentrate its trainings by providing relatively discrete training investments and actions for individuals or small groups over time periods that are short. The training includes applying low-risk simulation activities to enact behavior changes on such a superficial range, the strategic manager will seek to develop skills relevant to the main cultures of interest (Tichy, 1993).Therefore, multinational trainings and developments are shown with extensive use of case-studies or simulations in environments within the classroom, countr y handbooks, language training, the company internal counseling on legal and finance subjects. This includes meetings with many repatriated managers and others(Briscoe, 1995 Tichy, 1993). Content. Trainings and developments include marketing, distribution,budgeting, manufacturing, headcount, dominate multinational training curricula, finances, etc., (Tichy, 1993, p.210).Because of the cost containment and rationalization emphasis here, efficiency of operation is at a premium. TRANSNATIONAL STRATEGY.Purpose. The main objectives of the firm are very complex and also very challenging as compared to the multinational firm. The main benchmark is to identify and develop a select group of managers who can define and answer brilliantly major organizational problems and also they must transform significant organizational systems and processes(Tichy, 1993). The transnational mind makes it a requirement to be structural and planning forms of control under the multinational strategy. The manage rs must be collaborative, multi

Facebook - is it an asset or not Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Facebook - is it an asset or not - Research Paper ExampleSometimes, there are chances that we would give way more unknown citizenry on our friend list than people we know. Facebook, which is one such popular social network, has grown popular by the day, having millions of members as of now. Like most other options concerning internet, Facebook also has its advantages and disadvantages. This paper discusses the options available to Facebook users which makes it more an asset than a disturbance. Facebook, when used with proper knowledge of privacy and security options is undoubtedly an asset to the cause of social networking.In a world that has been shrunk by the internet and other forms of communication, going to far off places for work or sphere has become very common, making some form of communication an absolute essential. You can have as umpteen friends as you want, and you can be friends with celebrities, pro athletes, and anybody else who has a Facebook. (Hodge). Consideri ng that leaving messages and sharing pictures can be so much easier with the use of a social networking sites such as Facebook, adds to its popularity. The reason why many friends prefer to stay in touch through Facebook rather than mail is because of the ease of use. All the operations are made easy, simplified and can be shared with an entire group of people. For instance, sharing pictures with friends is always an enjoyable experience, to hear their comments, to compliment or make fun of, it is something that we willingly give in to. near individuals enjoy commenting on each other status lines, pictures, comments and even play games on Facebook such as Mafia wars, Farmville and Yoville. Organizations can even post on their walls updates regarding upcoming events and gatherings. (Findlay). Most people enjoy these aspects of Facebook as a form of time pass or entertainment, while getting to know new people through other friends and keeping in touch with the old

Personal statement Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Personal Statement ExampleI also developed a strong attraction to law, particularly as it pertains to intellectual property, technology and healthcare. My multilingual and bicultural background enables me to more fully consider a problem and to more creatively generate and synthesize solutions. My professional experience in each finale has equipped me to exercise leadership with confident intention and cultural sensitivity. My cultural sense has been enhanced by travel in Europe and the Middle East. In addition to cultural, linguistic and organizational skills, I have gained recognition for persuasive speaking and official leadership in university social, business and law fraternities. A presidents Scholarship recipient and active member of two international clubs, I devote more than 20 hours each semester to charitable causes (Habitat for Humanity, animal refuge, parks). I am comfortable with people from every socio-economic background, and adapt myself appropriately. This has co ntributed to my strong presence with university faculty and student body. These are some of the critical factors signaling my readiness to ponder and practice law with a clear mind, mature judgment and social conscience.

Article Review and Critique Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Review and Critique - Article ExamplePrior to the presentation of the different skills of Franklin, Uldrich presented the different accomplishments in different handle and disciplines (Uldrich, 2005, p.31). According to the article, gum benjamin Franklin is a businessman, a scientist, a politician, a diplomat and Founding Father of the American Society. As a businessman, he was able to create and establish the showtime printing and newspaper chain of businesses in the different American colonies at a young age. He was also the indite of the first best seller Poor Richards Almanac (p.31). He was also a great civil servant and politician who improved a way out of public services and policies. One of the unparalleled achievements that he has was being a politician who participated in the creation and implementation of the founding policies of the American society specifically during the time of the Revolution. ... The first leadership skill presented is the importance of continuou s education in the success of a person as exhibited in the life of Benjamin Franklin. Through the course of his life, he is continuously learning and exploring different fields. This is a characteristic of a good leader since a leader must be very aware of the different issues and knowledge which can affect the group and can help him in the decisions he needs to undertake in both step of the way towards achievement of his perceived goals. He is self thought leader who was able to explore the different fields primary(prenominal) to thrive in the society which includes the political, diplomatic, social and economic aspects of the American and international society. Franklin was an ultimate example of a human being hungry for knowledge (p.32). The author made an important decision of highlighting the said characteristic of Franklin since education is an essential tool in a persons success but it is not particular to formal education. The entrepreneurial skill of Benjamin Franklin wa s the next leadership skill discussed by Uldrich. Although the business is one of the most important fields where Franklin excelled in, it cannot be considered as the second most essential in all his skills. One explanation that can be perceived in the authors chronology in discussion is the time he undertook each quest. Education started since Franklins childhood and continued on through his different careers and his life. His prowess in business occurred as a young man. The author presented and proven Franklins leadership skills through the presentation of his achievements as a business man. In addition, entrepreneurial risk taking

I've attached the file Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Ive attached the file - Essay Examplejoyed as a result of concentrating activities near a trusted facility for instance, a source of raw materials, transport facility, an institution of higher learning and many others. Localization aids in reducing an enterprises expenses such as transport cost and damage on raw materials resulting from long distance transportation.Spatial equilibrium assumption is the notion that firms and workers are dissimilar across space and the research on urban areas is distinct from that of nations. Basically, urban economists recognize the existence of agglomeration economies which arise when productivity increase with density however, assessing the enormity of those economies is a real challenge.The assumption of the existence of a baseline spatial equilibrium provides a map to understanding the role of agglomeration on the economy. In essence, the assumption gives a projection of how workers and firms can cooperate to ensure maximum benefits. Additionall y, one gets an overview of urban economics which assists in handling the economic issues at hand. Consequently, the assumption assists in identifying the empirical regularities in urban economics, for instance, people are more productive in dense population and that high wage in urban areas are usually counterbalanced by high cost of

BUSINESS REPORT Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

BUSINESS REPORT - Research Paper ExampleThe nett recommendation is thereafter included in the conclusion.Wells Fargo and Company has its headquarters at 420 Montgomery Street, San Francisco, California. The firms forerunner was founded in 1852 in upstart York City by Henry Wells and William Fargo. It was originally conceived as a banking and express services company, it eventually began offering services in the West where miners, farmers and ranchers, had begun to migrate. In 1888, began offering Ocean to Ocrean Services, consisting of banking and express services to target the needs of pioneers in the Gold Rush. Even during its early beginnings in the 1850s, Wells Fargo already served and employed African Americans, Latinos, and women (today, about two-thirds of the banks employees are female, among whom are some of the Companys top ranking executives. Through the years the bank has grown in tandem with American History. As of 31 December 2010, the company had 9,000 banking stores located all in 39 U.S. states and the District of Columbia.The firm is one of the major publicly listed companies under the persistence Center classification Money Center Banks. It is a diversified financial holding company that extends, through its different subsidiaries, banking services for retail, commercial, and corporate clientele generally in the United States. It is strategically segmented into three areas Community Banking, Wholesale Banking, and Wealth, Brokerage and Retirement.The firm operates in a highly competitive industry which is flat to shocks and presently undergoing adjustment to meet tighter regulatory standards under Basel III. In the United States, the passage of the Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act promises to impose more stringent controls to annul a repetition of the previous financial crisis.In the following tables are

Supreme Court of the United States Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Supreme court of law of the United States - Assignment Example?s case is consistent with narrowly tailored use to achieve alteration and other factor to qualification are equally significant to the applicants selection process. Consequently, the use of melt is not an isolated factor to selection and this undermines discrimination of applicants from minority races. The case of Grantz, however, fails to identify the narrowly tailored application and instead offers advantage to applicants from minority races. This is because the university offers additional 20 percent points to applicants from minority races, a factor that makes race an isolated and significant factor to qualification. The narrowly tailored concept therefore establishes constitutionality of the universitys provisions under the Grutter case but unconstitutionality under the Grantz case (Supreme mash of the United States 4 Supreme Court of the United States1 31).Lee Bolinger was sued in both cases because he is an ag ent to the artificial person and therefore acts on behalf of the institution. He is therefore not sued on his personal capacity but on capacities of the positions that he held at the times that interests on the case arose. In the Grutter case, for example, he is sued in the capacity of the Dean of the Law School and the capacity of the Universitys president while in the case of Grants, he is sued in his capacity as the Universitys president.Supreme Court of the United States. Jennifer Grantz and Patrick Hamacher, petitioners v. Lee Bollinger et al., No. 02-516. Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015. .Supreme Court of the United States1. Barbara Grutter, petitioner v. Lee Bbollinger et al. Supreme Court of the United States. N.d. Web. February 17, 2015.

Occupy Wall Street Movement Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Occupy ring route Movement - Coursework ExampleThis coursework follows a world-wide phenomenon, known as The Occupy Wall Street movement, that started in 2011 on September 17 on Liberty Square in Manhattans Financial District. This movement spread across the 100 cities in the United States as well as 1500 cities globally. In this coursework the history, motives and effects of the movement are analyzed. The movement was intended to seriously question role of multinationals, corporate and banks in specific that have played significant role in causing the recession. The researcher focuses on the main single(a) motive behind the movement of Wall Street, that was to force businesses and to balance the power across the board. This simple motive united many people of different social classes, celebrities and politicians.In this coursework the rising inequality in the United States topic was also well described as one of the movements motives. The Occupy Wall Street movement erupted again st inequality to support equal counterbalance for everyone in the corporative structures regardless on their nationality, gender or skin color.In conclusion of the coursework, its author states that the movement of Occupy Wall Street, despite celebrated its day of remembrance recently, seemed to fail and analyzes three possible answers as to why it happened. Hence, though OWS is still being supported by some people, it may only leave mark in the history as being one among the movements that might lead to world change but does not appear to sustain as single change driving movement.

Economics and Financial Markets Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Economics and Financial Markets - Essay ExampleThis is what will be dissertated in the following.There be in fact various different typicals that atomic number 18 considered as being major in regards to oligopolistic foodstuffs, and each and every one of these characteristics is just as definitive as the next, however each also must be discussed in regards to its differences as well as similarities to the another(prenominal)s basically the main characteristics of oligopoly are the market is for the roughly part dominated by only a few certain and particular companies which are all relatively large the production of identical products which are similar in that respect are significant barriers to entry the basic interdependence of production decisions inside the market. In other words and to be more specific, an oligpolistic market basically exists when there is a small number of firms which dominate the supply to an entire market. The specific degree of market concentration is very high here, and Firms within an oligopoly produce branded products (advertising and marketing is an important feature of competition within such(prenominal) markets) and there are also barriers to entry. (Tutor, 2007). Another severely major characteristic in regards to oligopolistic markets is the fact of how there is interdependence between firms basically this means that each separate firm must take into account for themselves the facts and the likely reactions of the other firms, and this is especially true when they are making pricing and investment decisions. Although the olipolistic markets are considered as being incredibly beneficial and positive in many ways, there are also certain downfalls, such as the fact that there is uncertainly created in such markets as these, and so therefore economists seek to precedent this through the use of game theory. What are the Characteristic Forms of Competition in Oligopolistic MarketsThere are various different characteristic for ms of competition in markets such as these, and the forms of competition are actually one of the most deciding factors in regards to the outcomes of such markets. Basically, imperfect competition is the most well known and habitual type of competition in this regards, and there are many implications in regards to this form of competition, as the main significance of the four basic characteristics of this structure is that

Has racism in the UK disappeared in the 21st century or merely taken Essay

Has racism in the UK disappeared in the 21st century or merely taken new-fangled forms - Essay Example inequality comes in varied forms including discrimination against sex, color, ethnicity, religion and social status. These terms are used differently whereby others include prejudice by the Americans hence making observations of racial distinctions as racism (Mullings (2005, p. 49). Therefore, racism in the UK has not disappeared but instead it has taken new forms and this is because of varied aspects including globalization, capitalism and policy-making processes. How racism has Taken untested Forms in the 21st Century in the UK Racism in the UK has not disappeared completely but rather taken new forms in varied ways. As the world moves forward into in the 21st century, there are rapid widespread confusion and changes about the meaning of race and this results referable to rapid globalization. Globilisation, which is caused by rapid technological advancement, has been viewed as the cause for widespread confusion and the cause for new forms of racism (Reilly, Stephen and Angela 97). After the destruction of the European colonialism that gave rise to the civil rights movements and the batch for immigration due to globalization, the issue of race became the core subject (Enomoto and Genevieve 55). This contributed to a more critical analysis and creation of awareness of race, but focusing mainly on discrimination and prejudices (Darity 56). Extensive concepts of racial themes from both traditional and modern theorists have been applied in racial issues. The rapid globalization has contributed to varied changes due to modernization thus racism has tended to remain a global issue even in the post-colonial period. Racism has also become popular, but it has emerged with new concepts and increase drastically hence heightening the controversy over the meaning of race. Kundnani (41) argues that British racism is well understood not only by the context of conditio ns, in Britain but also through the global factors. Globilisation has been the key aspect for the rampart new forms of racism, in the UK. The author combines historical perspective with the assessment of current conditions such as the postwar immigration and the evolution of International Monetary Fund structural programs in the third world. Globilisation is the main cause for increase migrations, asylum and new evolution of markets. For instance, the author reveals the way asylums have been treated differently, and this is through making conditions difficult or unattractive for them. Kundnani (39) reveals the way anthropologists have attempted to link mingled with modernization period and race. Other anthropologists argue that race has not vanished but it has been profoundly influenced by political process. The so-called classical theorists of sociology were concerned by go an explanation on the emergence of modernity in Europe and the way these led to varied changes in the soci ety. They understood the consequences of modernity and understood the meaning of the increased capitalism in the society (Chowdhry and Sheila 71). Racial theme became the central theme after the dawn of capitalism and the problem of dealing with the social problems emerged. Hence, varied changes among the nations and ethnic understandings about the meaning of race have been explained by using comparative approaches (Gioseff 47). Additionally, in the new 21st century where there are new political processes, racism has not disappeared but changes thus forming a new form. The political process

Impact of the Media on the Development of a Child Research Paper

Impact of the Media on the Development of a Child - Research Paper ExampleThe teens have invaded the media in droves and according to the recent research, they constitutes almost seventy percentages of the users especially in cyberspace and broadcast media, the big question is whether the media is contributing confirmatively in the development of this cellph one and only(a) of population. Certainly, the answer is no, it is now ap enhance that the media particularly the internet has made the moral turpitude of the teens to be put to doubts and ascertained that this is the avenue through which they explore and bore illicit behaviors. Medias Contribution in development of the Teens It is not accurate to state that media does not have any meaningful contribution in the lives of teens. It is truthful that it does influence many things with positive outcomes, an example of the case in the US where adolescent obesity has been mitigated through the media (Ford 11). Notwithstanding, when critically assessed it will be make up that media has also contributed negatively in the lives of the teens by exposing them to issues related to sex, an example is the phonographic videos in the internet. Teens have also fallen into the trap of engaging in the illicit activities succeeding(a) the kind of advertisement they are accorded in the media. The media is thus an area where both positives and negatives conducts are drawn by the teens. Positive Attributes of the Media on teens Development The media has significantly contributed to the positive development of the teens in several ways helping them to achieve their life objectives. These positive impacts of media to the teens include academic improvements, growth of a reading a ending and networking. Academic Improvement According to research, it has been proven that the teens with computer and laptops in their room demonstrate remarkable improvement in their performance in academic work. This is attributed to the feature that by having computers, they not only have the ease to reach information through the internet but also get motivated and spend more(prenominal) hours reading information in the internet. Television show are also rated to have the best educational session on several issues that even the parent might not be having good grasp of knowledge about. In a close supervision then, television can prove to be one of the best informative media on relevant issues to the teens an example is the show by Dr Oz and Oprah (Ford 17). Inculcation of the Reading Culture and Networking It is certain that our reading culture is threatened with the technical advancement today, as most of the teens demonstrate a very poor reading culture that needs to be reinforced. The print media that details several issues that takes graze around the world is rejuvenating this culture. Through the magazines, journals that discuss the topical issues, the teens are fond of extracting the information in them through read ing and this is helping in realizing the culture of reading. The internet on the other hand, provides the teens with a faster and safe way of interaction and can have the opportunity to share on some of the issues that interest them with whomsoever they guide around the world (Ford 20). Therefore, parents should then ensure that their children do not fall a prey to the other sides of the media that bears contrary impact. This precautionary measure ensures that the teens do not succumb to the disturbances, obsessions, depressions, and mental deterioration characterized with dwindling academic performance. Negative Attributes of the Media to the Teens Several studies have indicated that teens who demonstrate

Strategic Management in the quality of construction Assignment

Strategic Management in the flavour of construction - Assignment ExampleThe strategicalal planning would alter the quality of construction to get better and lead with a systematic approach (Rojas, 2009). A detailed review about the construction quality that is beingness practiced worldwide is collected with the help of information available through various sources. This research shows how there have to be establishment and maintenance of quality in the construction processes and how important this is. The information collected shows the consequences of the development of quality based schemes and tools on the construction side. In this process, there has to be importance devoted to the security, tools, architecture, querying and overall performance relating to the other competitors. Quality construction requires a need for review in all the sections to make sure nothing goes wrong. Literature examine In the past years, research has shown that there is a never-ending growth in the construction industry across the world (e.g. Woodward, 1997 Neeraj, 2000 Ruban, 2002). Due to the increasing macrocosm there is increased need of houses and buildings, furthermore developing countries are looking forward for a change for which they need the help of infrastructure and thus construction. This continuous change and growth in the industry have lead to many an(prenominal) initiatives to be introduced and being adopted aiming to further improving the quality of construction (Tang et al, 2005). The strategic management of the construction process focuses on these initiatives and aims at developing the same processes to the expectations of the respective people. Some of the initiatives that are strategically planned are the development of ersatz procurement strategies that will enable and improve the communication structure of the different participants involved in the construction process (Davis, Goetsch, 2009). Secondly, the introduction to the use of computer te chnology that helps the enhancement of the construction process through the use of electronic data and sharing. Thirdly, the introduction of a wide range of concepts and tools to improve efficiency and quality would be used and lastly, the development of the improved materials and construction methods including standardization (Skaik, 2009). Strategic management for the construction quality, just like every other industry, has the same approach. The approach for the strategic management has always been to be able to enhance the performance of the business. In the construction industry too, the strategic management in the quality of construction is aimed to fix benefits to the companys growth and efficiency in the future, and also over the other competitors in the industry (Rumane, 2010). The managers of the construction project are supposed to be able to strategize their resources, their aims and their techniques to fulfill the expectations. The strategic management does not only i nclude the strategies but also the ways in which they are carried out from the beginning to the end. And yet, many of the strategic management plans are failed. Quality of construction is immensely important no matter in what perspective the statement is drawn (Pheng, 2005). Whether it is the constructor, the contractor or the owner, each and all are concerned with the quality of construction. Griffith (2011) defines construction as a process that could be commercial, residential or any other role there would be absolutely no

Leadership and Human Behavior Essay Example for Free

Leadership and Human Behavior EssayLeadership and Human Behavior Introduction In at present fast moving world, characterized by major changes in technologies, different industries are constantly forced to revolutionize their products and services to the point that the business world has run short more competitive and unpredictable than ever. There is a great need for people who are able to cope with change. In his article of What Leaders truly Do, John P. Kotter said that, mre change always demands more leadership. The question of interest to me is to know which leadership approach suit the best in coping with change. In this paper, I will first develop an understanding of the concepts underlying the barrier leadership. Secondly, I will examine different leadership style through digest of some subjects studies explored in class. Subsequently, I will reflect on my personal style and present my conclusion. Definition and understanding To begin with, it is worth understandin g what the term leadership means. There are hundreds of definitions proscribed in that respect related to this term, but each of them differs from virtuoso to a nonher. The most appealing definition I found is the one from Don Clark of Big Dog Leadership.He defines leadership as a process by which a person influences others to accomplish an objective and directs the organization in a way that makes it more cohesive and coherent. My interest to this definition resides in the way the author refers to some important elements of leadership such as influence, people, and objective. Kevin Martineau of style Hardy Baptist Church has nicely put together the common elements that many leadership definition share that I thought to be useful in my understanding of leadership concept.First, he mentions that leadership has to involve people. Without people following, being influenced, having their needs met or being motivated, mobilized, resourced and directed there is no leadership. Next, he adds that leadership is taking people to a destination/goal. Leaders take the people who are following them on a journey. On that journey there is a destination. A leader must(prenominal) know what the destination/goal is that they are leading people to. To conclude, he states that leadership involves influence.A leader must be able to influence, motivate, mobilize and help others reach the destination. This means that the leader must be equipping and helping others to reach and realize their potential. This in-depth description gives us a clear understanding of what leadership means and what effective leaders really do. However, the question we might wonder is to know how leaders carry out their everyday jobs? Certainly, it would be difficult to provide just one specific answer that best respond to this question, considering that there are many factors that play into account.However, in this paper I will focus on the type of leadership style used. Leadership Style Through the readings, analysis and class discussions of different cases studies explored in this class, I gained awareness of different leadership styles. In the following lines, I will like to highlight some cases that caught my attention. The first is the case study of Amelia Rogers at Tassani Communications. Rogers had a very task-oriented leadership style. She had a set of skills needed to get thing through, great sense of vision and strategy.Some people in the case described her as a good thinker, hard worker, and she delivers what she says she is going to deliver. Her tendency of being so focus on getting work done and seeing results led her to have tough management style and she was not thinking much about her work relationship. She found herself being in meshing with her co-workers on numerous occasions. Describing her own management style, she said that, I like to nip my conflicts right in bud and deal with them head on, straight on, not hide them under things.

Mercantilist Relationship Between the American Colonies and the British Government Essay Example for Free

Mercantilist Relationship Between the American Colonies and the British Government Es verbalizeMercantilism is an frugal policy and guess where the government has complete control of trade, both foreign and inside boundaries. This policy was dominant during the 16th, 17th, and late 18th centuries, it demanded a positive balance of trade in the midst of the countries it was involved with.There were galore(postnominal) policies that were within the theory based upon mercantilism including, building a network of overseas colonies and sorry them to trade with other nations, forbidding trade to be carried in foreign ships, export as a trade barrier using home(prenominal) goods and services competitive against imports, and restricting domestic consumption with non-tariff barriers to trade. The British government accomplished a mercantilist relationship with the American colonies that was to its benefit until 1763 and therefore the relationship no longer was of economic benefit to the British cr induce.Prior to 1763 the colonists had no choice but to go along with Parliaments right to restitution trifleions on their behalf and the predominance of Britains economic benefits over their personal ones. Seven long time War was the war that altered the parliaments actions, had been intended to regulate trade and nonhing else, Parliaments arrangements began to conflict with the colonists interests. This caused the colonies to grow and thrive, by the time the British realized this Americans had already established lucrative trade with other countries.Britain became more aware of this growing problem and began to keep a close eye on the colonies and implemented regulatory policies, the British instituted a series of laws of trade and navigation known as the Navigation deeds. The purposes of these acts were to limit colonial trade to the British only. For this to be accomplished all in all employment to be done involving the colonists was to be on either Engl ish vessels or colonial-built vessels, therefore, if colonists planned to trade with other nations all of their goods had to world-class be shipped to England.This gave the British the chance to get a hand on the items being traded and to collect revenue from taxation before the products were traded. Another limitation that was plant on the colonies was that in state to trade products such as tobacco, sugar, and cotton it had to be done with the British only. When the British would notice the colonies beginning to make profit they would add the product that was causing the increase in revenue to the list of products only to be traded with them. Although there were m either restrictions primed(p) upon the colonies, they did not cause as much damage as Britain may gravel hoped. benjamin Franklin answered when asked, I have never heard any objection to the right of laying duties to regulate commerce but a right to lay internal taxes was never supposed to be in Parliament, as we are not represented there. There were even any(prenominal) benefits even to having these regulations, such as a built in market for raw products that they had and the British did not rigidly enforce the trading regulations that were dress out. Following cracking Britains achievement of French territory in North America after the end of the French and Indian War allotted the Proclamation of 1763 in October of 1763.The purpose of the promulgation was to establish Britains new North American Empire and to stabilize associations with Native North Americans through regulation of settlement, trade, and land purchases. The declaration kept certain lands for the Indians and prevented the colonies from settling inland. The colonies wished to expand their territory inlands but with the Proclamation of 1763 they were unable to do so, causing massive amounts of interest conflicts. The British seemed to be enforcing this proclamation more so than any other laws placed on the colonies before .Troops were stationed along the frontier to give the colonists no control over attempting to expand their universe of discourse inland. The colonies feared for overpopulation and crowded cities along the coastline. It appeared that the break down of this mercantilist relationship between the United States colonies and Britain along with the split of America from the British Empire was unavoidable. Before the French and Indian war, Britain was having a hard time keeping up with and maintaining regulations that they had placed upon the colonies.The trade laws were inadequately implemented and the colonies were able to go about their own political and economic systems independently. But, with the close of the war Parliament concluded the time of this neglect of enforcement and became more dominate with the colonies in order to reestablish complete control over their trade. permeable laws that were established to benefit Britain were enforced vinegarishly and new laws were also appl ied to further benefit the British.This light-emitting diode to animosity between Britain and the colonies because the colonies experienced economic liberty for too long a period causing the colonists to have no desire to return to how things used to be. The aggressive application of the Navigation Act to the colonists restrained their manufacturing operations and increased resentment against the British Parliamentary. The severe enforcement of these laws led to inflation and alienation in the colonies, neither of which benefited the British Empire. During this time of strict enforcement there were many more laws and acts placed upon the colonies to restrict their trade and growth.Parliament passed the Sugar and Molasses Act trying to bring the colonies in line with regard to payment of taxes. The Sugar Act reduced the rate of tax on molasses and listed more foreign goods to be taxed including coffee, wines, sugar, and various other goods. The tax on caused the instantaneous deter ioration in the comical industry in the colonies. This interrupted the economy in the colonies because it reduced the markets to which the colonies could sell and the amount of currency available to them for the purchase of British manufactured goods.This act, and the Currency Act, set the stage for the revolt at the imposition of the form Act. The Stamp Act of 1765 was a direct tax on documents and articles, this act directly affected all colonists. The law required a stamp to be placed on all printed materials, including legal documents, almanacs, pamphlets, and newspapers. Although this affected all colonists, lawyers, clergymen, and printers felt the wrath of this act the most. Benjamin Franklin stated There is not gold and silver enough in the colonies to pay the stamp duty for one year.The before and after of this act set in stone the perceived idea that the mercantilist benefits of the relationship between the colonies and Britain may have run its course. After debate about the collection of taxes due to the Stamp Act was the Quartering Act of 1765. The Quartering Act was part of the intolerable acts the purpose of this act was only to take back hold of the colonies. The act profaned the Bill of Rights, which forbids taxation without representation and the raising or keeping of a standing army without the consent of Parliament colonies disputed the legality of this Act.In his first speeches in Parliament, Camden said, taxation and representation are inseparable this position is founded on the laws of nature it is more, it is itself an eternal law of nature for whatever is a mans own, is absolutely his own no man has a right to take it from him without his consent, either expressed by himself or representative whoever attempts to do it, attempts an injury whoever does it, commits a robbery he throws down and destroys the distinction between liberty and slavery.Taxation and representation are coeval with and essential to the constitution If the soldiers outnumbered the housing available the colonies were expected to pay the approach of housing and feeding the troop, after the arrival of the troops New York refused to pay for supplies causing the troops to have to stay aboard their ships. Even after attempts to alteration the Stamp Act, New York still resisted which led to the face-lift of this act and the Stamp Act.With no doubt it seemed that violent hostility would prevail even with any drive to change the Acts making it almost impossible for Britain to establish any hope for a beneficial relationship with the colonies. The steady resistance to the Stamp Act led to it being abstracted, which cost the British, Suppose a military force sent into America they will find nobody in arms what are they then to do? They cannot force a man to take stamps who chooses to do without them.They will not find a rebellion they may indeed make one. This repeal showed the colonists that their resisting the act worked and would put fire to th eir future revolts considering this worked for them. The British were losing money now and the colonies did not seem to be hurt as badly as would have been hoped by the British. To down play the win that the colonies had just accomplished Parliament set out another act, the declaratory Act, to serve as a punishment.The Declaratory Act asserted that Parliament had, hath, and of right ought to have, full condition and authority to make laws and statutes of sufficient force and validity to bind the colonies and people of America in all cases whatsoever. In the context and the word choice in which this was written shows that the act was intentionally clear-cut and to the point. Parliament had the upper hand and the absolute power to make laws and changes to the colonial government, in all cases whatsoever.Caught up in attempting to strip the colonies of their freedoms in order to prevent them from creating a profit, the British were losing money and quite frankly, political campaign out of it. In one final attempt to gain back control of the colonies and make their relationship work Parliament passed the Townshend Act. A colonist set as Brutus argued against that assumption, stating, Nothing can be more flagrantly wrong than the Assertion of some of our mercantile Dons.John Hancock adds, Taxes equally detrimental to the technical interests of the Parent country and the colonies are imposed upon the People, without their consent Taxes designed for the Support of the Civil Government in the Colonies, in a Manner clearly unconstitutional, and unrepentant to that, in which till of late, Government has been supported, by the free Gift of the People in the American Assemblies or Parliaments as also for the Maintenance of a with child(p) Standing Army not for the Defiance of the newly acquired Territories, but for the old Colonies, and in a Time of Peace.This testimony written in a garner was tremendously effective in the efforts to abolish this act placed upon the colonies there were also the Letters from a Farmer in Pennsylvania, which had its influence on the consequence as well. There were twelve letters that were widely read and reprinted throughout the thirteen colonies, and were a major factor in attempting to unit the colonists against the Townshend Acts.Dickenson, the farmer, acknowledged the immense power that the Parliament had in concern for the whole British Empire but argued that the taxes that were given to the colonies were for purpose of their own personal gain in revenue rather then what was stated in the books of the acts being for purpose of trade only. Dickinson foresees the possibility of future conflict between the colonies and Great Britain, but urges against the use of violence, If at length it becomes undoubted that an inveterate resolution is formed to annihilate the liberties of the governed, the English history affords frequent examples of resistance by force.What particular circumstances will in any future c ase justify such resistance can never be ascertained till they happen. Perhaps it may be allowable to say generally, that it never can be justifiable until the people are fully convinced that any further submission will be destructive to their happiness. The colonies boycotted this idea, their boycott, although it failed, gave them the capability to continue to not follow the acts that the Parliament required of them. The British had no way to enforce the collection of taxes so Britain had no choice but to repeal the Townshend Act.Britain was completely unstable and given this, the mercantilist relationship was coming to an end between the United States colonies and the British the Tea Act would create the breaking point for this relationship. An act to allow a drawback of the duties of customs on the exportation of tea to any of his Majestys colonies or plantations in America to increase the deposit on bohea tea to be sold at the India Companys sales and to empower the commission ers of the treasury to grant licenses to the East India Company to export tea duty-free.The Tea Act of 1773 caused in turn the capital of Massachusetts Tea Party, which aggravated the British so greatly that they delivered a punishment act. The punishment acts were called the Coercive Acts and also, along with other acts, became part of the intolerable acts the British had placed upon the colonies. The Boston Port Act, The Massachusetts Government Act, The Administration of Justice Act, The Quartering Act, and the Quebec Act were all placed in order for Britain to again attempt to take control over the colonies.The restrictions placed on the colonies by these acts included the closing of the port of Boston, limited the meetings to one meeting per year, allowed the governor to move trails, and attempted to sept the British solders. This out lash of over bearing authority over the colonies became known as the main reason that the mercantilist relationship could not continue.Britains attempts of harsh leadership and the lack of economic opportunities became great enough to continuously push the colonies away and gave them reason to revolt and not comply. As years passed the interests of the colonies and British began to not be similar in any ways, causing conflicts. The colonists educated themselves in ways that the British had not expected, giving the colonies the upper hand in shrewd what they deserved and what was being taken from them.There were no longer any benefits to having a relationship with Britain and the colonists were well educated on this fact and showed their feelings on this locution in many ways. The mercantilist relationship was no longer making a profit for the British Crown or bringing benefits to anyone it was causing them to lose money. This privation was apparent after the downfall of both the economic systems after the French and Indian War in 1763.

Ashley Fields Disseration Essay Example for Free

Ashley Fields Disseration EssayAshley Floyd Fields This dissertation examines the fantasy of lore in decision-making by means of a Literature Review and a study of measures within organizations. In the Literature Review, the nature and experience of the riding habit of intuitive skills and abilities will be examined and discussed. Research questions regarding the relationship between intuitive-type plan processes and regularitys of thinking and decision-making ar considered. Fin ally, the Literature Review will explore rational and non-logical systemal processing styles in decision-making and the organizational set which call for an intuitive approach. Using a survey instrument, the study will examine group differences in measures for unmarrieds having various positions and offices within a variety of organizations. Dr. Gary Saltons organizational Engineering archetypes (Salton, 1996) which be consistent with the concept of cognition, stick out the focus of this s tudy. Organizational Engineering differs from other theories by looking at recognition as a phenomenon arising naturally from the discipline processing and decision-making manners and panaches employed by individuals.The search question is Do various combines of method and elan produce results that are consistent with the findings other questioners have attributed to intuition? The research question was tested by five inter tie in hypotheses. Three hypotheses were designed to examine both the thermolabile Stimulator and comparative Innovator style comp sensationnt and their proposed relationship to hierarchy. In addition, two hypotheses were designed to test Research nurture, Information applied science, and Customer Service for the proportional level of intuition required to discharge these functional responsibilities effectively.All of the study hypotheses were found to perform as anticipated at a very high level of significance. However, in dead reckoning 2, the le vel of Reactive Stimulator did vary systematically within leadership ranks. Ashley Floyd Fields In fact, individuals employ an unmixed method (organization of data being input) and a thought and/or execution mode (character of in extended output) would arrive at decision options which would non appear to follow any of the standard, logical, and/or existing processes.Thus, an distant observer would tend to attribute the unexpected idea as arising from some sort of acuteness process founded on intuition. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS While make-up this dissertation, I continually thought of its beginning, when, in an intuitive moment, I decided to research the drug abuse of rational and non-rational thought processing within organizations. I believed then, and especially now, the topic would provide significant brain wave to the behavior within organizations at the individual, group and organizational levels.The process I have gone through is non unlike what happens immediately in organ izations. At various stages of development, I received a spectrum of responses, both encouraging and challenging. What I thought was cutting edge research many multiplication felt like bleeding edge because one of the characteristics associated with intuition is the inability to fully explain how you arrived at the answer being professed. Fortunately, as happens in organizations, well-read individuals stepped forward and supported going forward with the research.At this time, I would like to gratefully ac manageledge my committee members Dr. Ron Fetzer, Dr. William Snow, Dr. Bill Harrington, and Dr. Joe Balloun. For anyone who has been or is currently in a doctoral program, you know words are inadequate to announce appreciation for people who have dedicated themselves so that others, like myself, could achieve such(prenominal) a significant milestone as the completion of the research process. A nonher critical and crucial supporter of this work is Dr. Gary Salton. Dr.Salton exemp lifies the intuitive practitioner who, years ago, began developing the concept of Organizational Engineering and compiling the database which became the basis for this research. His unselfish contributions enable us all to benefit from organizational insights to this research which can facilitate new methods and relegate results at all levels for organizational workers. Also during the course of researching and writing this dissertation, I have been blessed to have discussed this work psycheally with individuals well known in the fields of tune, organizational development, and change management.I wish to thank the following people whose conversations were both encouraging and enlightening Dr. Weston Agor, Dr. Bill Taggart, Patricia Aburdene, Dr. Charles Garfield, Dr. Elliott Jaques, Dr. Warren Bennis, and Sharon Franquemont. In addition, I wish to thank the individuals who have assisted me in various ways over the years. Lest I should unintentionally leave one or two out, I say t o them since entrust Much Thanks. Without you I know I would not have made it. As you read this, you will know in your hearts and minds who you are.Last but not least, I would like to express my love and appreciation for my family, who have sacrificed time and resources during both the course of study and the writing of this dissertation To my loving and supportive wife, Sharon, who wanted me to finish as much as I did to my children, Whitney and Geoffrey, who wondered if they would graduate high school before I absolute my course of study and to my parents who, May They Rest in Peace, did not live to see this moment in time, at least not from here on earth.TABLE OF CONTENTS Page List of Tables List of mannikins Chapter 1. INTRODUCTION Purpose of the force field Significance of the Study Theory/Aspect of Theory existence Tested Research Question description of Terms Overview of Total Research Study 2. LITERATURE REVIEW Definition of Intuition Major Theorists Researchers Manage ment orient Research 28 doeration Summary 3.METHODOLOGY Variables Relational Innovator Dimension supposal 1 Reactive Stimulator Dimension guess 2 Organizational Level opening 3 Relational Innovator/ Reactive Stimulator possibleness 4 hypothetic Analyzer/ Logical Processor Hypothesis 5 I-OPTTM Instrument Database Subjects macrocosm Instrument Design Validity and Reliability of the Instrument Data Analysis Environment Summary 4. ANALYSIS AND PRESENTATION OF FINDINGS Hypothesis One Hypothesis Two Hypothesis Three 1 1 1 2 7 7 8 9 9 10 18 40 42 44 44 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 54 55 55 57 59 59 60 60 63 67 ix xiHypothesis Four Hypothesis Five Summary 5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS Overview of Significant Findings Limitations of this Study Implications for Human Resource Management Professionals Recommendations for Future Research Conclusions Appendix A. I-OPTTM SURVEY B. THE VALIDITY AND RELIABILITY OF ORGANIZATIONAL ENGINEERING INSTRUMENTATION AND METHODOLOGY C. PERMISSION earn D. CLASSIF ICATION OF HIERARCHICAL LEVELS REFERENCES CITED BIBLIOGRAPHY 73 78 82 83 83 85 85 88 90 91 93 96 98 101 108 LIST OF TABLES Table 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10A. 10B. 11. 12. 13. 14A. 14B. 15. 16. 17A. 17B. 18. 19. 20A.Instruments Measuring Intuition Examples of Work Groups in the Database Types of Industries/Areas Included in Database Organizational Distribution of Experts Occupational Positions of Experts Educational Achievements of Experts Statistical Results of Hypothesis 1 Relation of graded and Relational Innovator Levels Statistical Results of Hypothesis 2 Relation of gradable and Reactive Stimulator Levels Mann-Whitney Test Results of Hypothesis 2a Leaders versus the Population in Reactive Stimulator Score Hypothesis 2 Leader Median and entail Reactive Stimulator Results Hypothesis 2 Population Medianand Mean Reactive Stimulator Results Non-Parametric Statistical Results of Hypothesis 3 Relation of Hierarchical Position to curator Pattern Levels Mann-Whitney Statistical Results of Hypothesis 3 Leaders versus Population in curator Pattern Levels Median Test Statistical Results of Hypothesis 3 Leaders versus Population in curator Pattern Levels Hypothesis 3 Population Conservator Pattern descriptive Statistics Hypothesis 3 Leader Conservator Pattern Descriptive Statistics Mann-Whitney Statistical Results of Hypothesis 4 Changer Comparison of Research Development and Information Technology Median Test Statistical Results of Hypothesis 4Changer Pattern Comparison of Information Technology and Research Development Functions Hypothesis 4 Mean Research Development Changer Pattern Results Descriptive Statistics Hypothesis 4 Mean Information Technology Changer Pattern Results Descriptive Statistics Mann-Whitney Test Statistical Results of Hypothesis 5 Conservator Comparison of Population and Customer Service Median Test Statistical Results of Hypothesis 5 Conservator Pattern Comparison of Customer Service And Population Hypothesis 5 Mean Customer Servi ce Conservator Pattern Results Descriptive Statistics Page 40 52 53 58 58 59 61 63 66 66 67 68 70 71 72 72 74 75 76 76 79 80 80 20B. 21.Hypothesis 5 Mean Population Conservator Pattern Results Descriptive Statistics Hierarchical Distribution of LeaderAnalysisTM Database 80 100 LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6A. 6B. 7A. 7B. 8A. 8B. 9A. 9B. 10A. 10B. 10C. 11A. 11B. 11C. Basic Information Processing expressive stylel magnanimous Scale Determinants of Information Processing Method Large Scale Determinants of Information Processing Mode Summary of Strategic Patterns Maslows Hierarchy of Needs Hypothesis 1 Median Scores by Hierarchical egregious Hypothesis 1 Mean Scores by Hierarchical Rank Hypothesis 2 Median Scores by Hierarchical Rank Hypothesis 2 Mean Scores by Hierarchical Rank Hypothesis 3 Median Scores by Hierarchical Rank Hypothesis 3Mean Scoresby Hierarchical Rank Hypothesis 3 Median Score by Population and Leader Hypothesis 3 Percent of Cases Above Median by Population and Leader Hypothesis 4 Changer Pattern Median Scores by Information Technology and Research Development Hypothesis 4 Changer Pattern Percent of Cases above Median by Information Technology and Research Development Hypothesis 4 Changer Pattern Mean Scores by Information Technology and Research Development Hypothesis 5 Median Scores by Population and Customer Service Hypothesis 5Percent of Cases Above Median by Population and Customer Service Hypothesis 5 Mean Scores by Population and Customer Service Page 3 3 4 8 16 62 62 64 65 69 69 72 73 76 77 77 81 81 82 CHAPTER 1 Introduction This study examines the concept of intuition in decision-making by means of a literature review and study of measures currently being used within organizations.Human behaviorists have examined why the performance of some people get them to the top enchantment others around them remain in lower levels of the organization. They have considered situations such as, stipulation the same information, one p erson completes a problem-solving process much sooner than another with nearly the same responses and wondered how that happened.This research focuses on the relationship between intuitive thought, organization level and function. It explores the use of intuition in decision-making and the organizational conditions which call for an intuitive approach. Purpose of the Study The purpose of this research is to determine the systematic use of intuitive skills and abilities in business organizations.Management research historically has been biased toward the analytical process in decision-making. This rational approach has been more than popular as the preferred and acceptable method for studying management practices. Alternative un incorporated methods have been ignored or labeled irrational in the negative sense.However, since this studys focus is revolve about on working adults, judgment can be reached exploitation other non-logical thought processes such as intuition, which contr ibute into account years of expertise, considerable introspection, and/or informal rules learned over time. This study identifies major theorists and their opinions and findings, as well as their sources of learning. However, no attempt is made toexhaustively identify all sources referencing the theories and studies related to intuition.Primary examination is given to twentieth century researchers, although earlier authors of prominence are noted in selected cases. Significance of the Study Eisenhardt (1989) linked rapid decision-making to such characteristics as decisive, operations-focused, get hold ofs on, and instinctive. thence, fast decision-making is linked to effective performance. As an mannequin of behavior linked to fast decisionmaking, Eisenhardt found executives gathered real time information on firm operations and the competitive environment which resulted in a deep, intuitive grasp of the business.This intuitively- ground understanding translates into improved busi ness performance. Many managers report using intuition in their decision-making, in spite of the deeply rooted bias against non-rational methods (Agor, 1984a Agor, 1984b Dean, Mihalasky, Ostrander, and Schroeder, 1974 Isaack, 1978 Mintzberg, 1976 and Rowan, 1986).Reports of managers use of intuition ranges from inferential processes, performed under their own pre-existing database (Agor, 1986a,b,c,d) to acceptance and use of predictive abilities (Dean, Mihalasky, Ostrander, and Schroeder, 1974). Successful decision-makers have been found to have great predictive abilities (Cosier and Alpin, 1982 and Dean, Mihalasky, Ostrander, and Schroeder, 1974).However, many managers remain unwilling to acknowledge their use of intuition, fearing negative responses from their colleagues (Agor, 1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d). Additional researchers who twist this study are Barnard (1968), Vaughan (1979), Hermann (1981), Isenberg (1984), Simon (1987), and Parikh (1994). This study seeks to redefine i ntuition in a form which is acceptable to the rationalistic school and yet accommodates the scholarly but more inferential approaches.The study explores the use of intuition in an extensive cross section of people in organized environments. Theory/Aspect of Theory be Tested Gary Salton (1996) developed the Organizational Engineering theory as a way of measuring and predicting the behavior of interactive groups of people.In Saltons theory, humans beings are regarded as information processing organisms, by which, the human is bound to the Input-Process-Output model (Figure 1) common to all information processors, regardless of their format. INPUT PROCESS Figure 1 Basic Information Processing Model (Salton, 1996, p. 9) OUTPUT Saltons (1996) theory proposes the type of information sought and the intended direction of the output predetermines processing behavior.For example, if the upshot does not collect detail in the input phase of the process, his output will not likely be tightly structured, logical, precise, or optimal relative to the issue being addressed. Rather, minimal output will probably result. In effect, therefore an individual using an opportunistic strategy obtains speed of response at the price of precision.Saltons (1996) theory maintains an input-process-output model is largely governed by two large-scale factors method and mode, which are conceived as continuums. Method (Figure 2) governs the character of input. At one end of the continuum is what Salton calls an plain method. Using the un inventioned strategy, an individual simply acquires whatever information is readily available and appears relevant to the issue at hand. UNPATTERNED merged An Available Way Convenient Expedient Opportune Spontaneous METHOD (INFORMATION ORGANIZATION) A Preoutlined Way Template Formula Scheme Pattern Map Figure 2 Large Scale Determinants of Information Processing Method (Salton and Fields, 1999, p. 49).The other end of the method continuum (Salton, 1996) is d efined as a structured methodology. Here the individual has some form of structure and attempts to apply it to acquire information, which appears relevant to the issue at hand. An individual can move to any point on the continuum job speed, precision, understanding and certainty of outcome with every increment along the scale. Salton (1996) defines the other large-scale characteristic as mode. This is visualized also as a continuum (Figure 3) ranging from thought on one polar extreme to action on the other. Salton defines thought not as a cognitive activity but rather as an intermediate result.Therefore, under Saltons definition, a plan requiring many hours of physical activity and which might fill reams of paper will still be considered a thought found response. It is intermediate. It has no effect on the outside world or the issue being addressed until it is acted upon. Action (Salton, 1996) is the other end of the mode continuum. Here, the subject acts directly to affect the is sue in question. This action may or may not have been preceded by thought as defined by Salton. From this perspective of intuition theory, action can be seen as a more decisive, aggressive, or positive response by an external observer. Thought, on the other hand, appears to the outside observer to be more rational, reflective, or coherent.Therefore, a subject tending to favor the action end of Saltons continuum will tend to be seen as decisive, operations-focused, and hands-on. These characteristics were associated with people employing intuitive strategies (Eisenhardt, 1989). THOUGHT ACTION An Intermediate Step Plans Assessments Evaluations Judgements Advise Counsel MODE (DIRECTION FOR USE OF INFORMATION) A Direct motion on the Issue under Consideration Initiative Intervention Act Execution Figure 3 Large Scale Determinants of Information Processing Mode (Salton and Fields, 1999, p. 49) These basic components of Saltons theory carry major implications for the study of intuition th eory. Various combinations of method and mode produce behaviors paralleling the behaviors attributed to intuition.For example, a person using an unpatterned approach appears to an outside observer to be following a more intuitive strategy. There appears to be no logical structure to the information required. The logic exists, but it is in the mind of the subject and concerns the potential relevance of information to the specific issue being addressed. If questioned, the subject may or may not be able to readily articulate why a particular element of information was selected. The outcome of this process is entirely consistent with rapid decision-making, displaying characteristics that are considered instinctivea phenomenon often attributed to intuition (Eisenhardt, 1989).The use of the unpatterned end of Saltons continuum also produces results consistent with Clarks (1973) view, since the person will not know how he knows what he knows. The mode element of Saltons theory also has imp lications for intuition theory.The thought side of Saltons continuum focuses primarily on intermediate locomote (study, assessment, evaluation, etc. ), many of which are not observable. Therefore, a person using an unpatterned method and thought mode may experience intuitive insights not visibly displayed. A person using an unpatterned method with an action mode, however, will exhibit behaviors an observer can readily attribute to intuition. Inputs potentially effectual to address the issue at hand are quickly acquired and promptly applied.A portion of these will successfully address the issue at hand and may be noticed by others who interact with the decision-maker. These outsiders may comment on the decision-makers insight, further establishing or reinforcing the decision-makers self-conception as being intuitive. An example may help illustrate this situation.Consider a situation in which a person uses an unpatterned method to address a particular issue, such as when an executiv e interacts with the Board of Directors or with special interest groups. The person would begin indiscriminatingly seizing information, to help resolve the issue. If the person is also using an action mode, he will tend to apply the information without hesitation. If it works, the search is over.If it does not, he or she returns to the environment, picks up another piece of information, and cycles through the process again. The indiscriminate acquisition of information increases the prospect of discovering an improbable but valid way of addressing the issue. In other words, by not following an established structure, the person increases the betting odds of a serendipitous discovery or of a previously unrecognized approach to resolve a problem. This type of resolution is easily attributable to insight or intuition since it is unexpected and not readily attributable to an obvious antecedent. Intangible concepts like intuition may be the real stimulus.Because research in information acquisition is limited as well as in planning the application, the cycles can occur very rapidly. The use of the action mode increases the probability an individual will repeatedly demonstrate intuitive-type results in a manner visible to others. This often-observed style or behavior in turn suggests an innate quality. Hence, the person is considered to be intuitive. Similarly, method and mode operate in a continuum thus, people would exhibit degrees of intuition. However, the more committed a person is using an unpatterned method for information acquisition, the more likely they will display behavior attributable to intuition, and whom others will describe as using an intuitive strategy.The focus on this combination of method and mode is similar to other thinkers in the field. For example, many issues addressed at the senior executive level do not have a readily identifiable structure of information acquisition. Some have parameters encouraging thought based (i. e. , intermediate) responses, while others will require immediate action/reaction. Therefore Salton suggests executives will use both nonlogical and logical methods in the conduct of their ordinary affairsjust as Barnard (1968) also proposed and Agor (1986a, 1986b, 1986c, 1986d) confirmed. Salton does not directly address intuition in his research because his focus is on the interactive behavior people use in group activity.Other theorists and researchers have relied on noeticly based processes, which are not readily visible to external observers. However, as demonstrated above, Saltons theory can readily serve as a vehicle for integrating the works of multiple authors who have written extensively on intuition. In addition, Saltons theory has the merit of using ratio-scaled variables that allow people to express degrees of commitment to one or another strategy (i. e. , method and mode) which can be measured and tested. This study proposes the behavior a person exhibits using unpatterned information acquisition methods and action-based output modes will be consistent with the work found by numerous intuition theorists.This study also proposes the use of these strategies (unpatterned method, action mode) will be systematically exhibited in a manner consistent with the findings of others. Research Question This study will focus on the following research question with regards to management decision-making and the use of intuition Do various combinations of method and mode produce results that are consistent with the findings other researchers have attributed to intuition? Definition of Terms Organizational Engineering theory adopts a set of variables useful in describing the operation of the theory. This section defines these, as well as other ground applied in this study.Intuition A way of perceiving which relies on relationships, meanings, and possibilities beyond the reach of the conscious mind (Myers and McCaulley, 1985) and includes behavioral attributes (Brown, 1990). A w ay of subtile in which we often do not know how we know what we know (Vaughan, 1979). conjectural Analyzer One who processes information in a thought-oriented mode using structured methods (Salton, 1996). Logical Processor One who processes information with an inclination for the action mode using structured methods (Salton, 1996). Reactive Stimulator One who processes information with an inclination for the action mode using unpatterned methods (Salton, 1996). Relational Innovator One who processes information in a thought-oriented mode using unpatterned method (Salton, 1996).Changer This orientation pattern combines the styles of Relational Innovator and Reactive Stimulator (Salton, 1996). Conservator This orientation pattern combines the styles of Logical Processor and Hypothetical Analyzer (Salton, 1996). Perfector This orientation pattern combines the styles of Relational Innovator and Hypothetical Analyzer (Salton, 1996). Performer This orientation pattern combines t he styles of Reactive Stimulator and Logical Processor (Salton, 1996). Figure 4 (Salton, 1996) illustrates the various combinations and their resulting strategic patterns, given different primary and lowly strategic profiles. PATTERN Changer Conservator Performer Reactive Stimulator (RS) Logical Processor (LP) Figure 4 Summary of Strategic Patterns.Perfector Relational Innovator (RI) Hypothetical Analyzer (HA) Overview of Total Research Study Chapter 2 reviews the findings of major authors in the field of intuition research and forms the foundation for the testable hypotheses to be used to examine the research question. CHAPTER 2 Literature Review Intuition is a relatively new subject of academic interest. Literature on the subject, particularly on its use in decision-making did not become prevalent until the early mid-s hithertoties (Argyris, 1973a, 1973b Clark, 1973 Dean, Mihalasky, Ostrander, Schroeder, 1974 Jung, 1971 Leavitt, 1975a, 1975b Livingston, 1971 Mintzberg, 1973, 19 75, 1976 and Simon, 1977).These works, along with research in the 1980s, incorporated intuition related literature and research prior to the 1970s and as far back as the 1950s (Riggs, 1987). This research study concentrates specifically on the research literature as it relates to the use of intuition in decision-making among organization managers and executives. Various organizational environments are examined in the literature review and thus, may be reasonably considered an overview of the subject. This research is classified into two categories (1) theoretical developments concerning the concept of intuition, and (2) survey studies supporting the premise for using intuition in decision-making.The overview provides information on the use of intuition in business organizations as a function of leadership and decision-making and explores various well- established methodologies as well as those still in development. Definition of Intuition The term intuition is defined as knowing som ething instinctively a state of being aware of or knowing something without having to discover or perceive it. (Encarta, 1999). Intuition is seen as an innate capacity not directly accessible by considering the process which gives rise to a judgment or action involving it. Thus, intuition seems to be a residual process reconciling whatever cant be explained by other means. The literature reflects the inherent lack of obvious conceptual framework for the term intuition.Some of the choice descriptors are ESP, psi, judgment, insight, and gut feelings (Dean, Mihalasky, Ostrander, and Schroeder, 1974) hunch (Barnard, 1968) extrasensory perception (Leavitt, 1975b) non-rational (Cohen and March, 1974) recognition (Goldberg, 1983 Ray and Myers, 1986), and edge (Tichy, 1997). Such non-specific definitions suggest that different authors and researchers could be describing different processes or even measuring different phenomenon. Conversely, experts could be referring to the same phenomenon with different labels.Major Theorists This study attempts to capture the value of various theorists approaches by focusing on the central contribution of each, and how these compare or contrast to Organizational Engineering theory. Theorists are often classified as personality based such as Jung or transpersonal based such as Vaughan.The more classical theorists approach view intuition as a distinct pattern of thought from the rational mode (Jung, 1971), while the transpersonal theorists approach considers the integration of rational and intuitive approaches and considers them both valid and separate, as well as complementary (Goldberg, 1983 Vaughan, 1979) One of the most important figures to focus on the concept of intuition is Carl Jung. His theory of psychological types is the basis for the development of the widely used Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) (Kroeger and Thuesen, 1992).Jungs theory of intuition suggests intuition is a psychological function present in all people to varying degrees and is manifested in personality types. Jung defines intuition as a perception and comprehension of the altogether at the expense of details attributable to unconscious process.Intuition is thus viewed as a cognitive function outside the province of reason and given consideration whenever established rational or other cognitive concepts do not work. In short, it is the perception of reality in which the intuitive knows, but does not know how he knows (Clark, 1973). Later, Jung broadens his thoughts on personality types by introducing the concept of synchronicity, which further helps to explain intuitive-type feelings and visions not attributable to coincidence (Rowan, 1986). Jung uses such phrases for intuition as hunches, inspiration, and insight to problem-solving methods, all of which reflect little patience for detail or routine (Behling and Eckel, 1991). Vaughan (1979) describes fourlevels of intuition physical, emotional, mental and spiritual. The theorists, writers and researchers describe intuition in both psychological and physiological terms. Intuition experienced through physical levels includes bodily sensations such as tension or discomfort. This is not to say however that every bodily sensation indicates an intuitive message, but these physical symptoms can be used for self-awareness, as well as a source of warnings and signs. Emotional intuitive messages take several forms, such as liking or disliking something or someone for no apparent reason, feeling the need to perform an action or do something, and sensing energy levels in oneself or others.Emotional level intuition can be used to deepen ones self-awareness and to understand others (Vaughan, 1979). The mental level of intuition is typically experienced as images or ideas. It may appear as the perception of patterns, insights, or images, especially in problem-solving situations. Intuition at the mental level can be used to trigger creativity, explore problem-solving areas not previously mined, and to enhance learning (Vaughan, 1979). Spiritual intuition does not rely on sensations, feelings, or thoughts. In fact, these are considered being distracters at the spiritual level (Blackwell, 1987 Vaughan, 1979). Spiritual intuition is a means for improving self-awareness and transpersonal experiences.Vaughan does not sort out whether a single intuition mode is responsible for all four types or whether unique factors exist for each type. This generality suggests Vaughan is defining taxonomy rather than a theoretical specification which can be tested and validated through scientific methods. Saltons Organizational Engineering theory however does account for all facets of Vaughans taxonomy. Saltons theory focuses on inputs and outputs, regardless of the source or the outcome. Vaughans physical, emotional, mental or spiritual intuitive factors can be accounted for with tally facility. Saltons Organizational Engineering theory argues intuition is the result o f a single process.Therefore, there is no operational need to specify the source or destination of the input-output chain (Salton, 2000). Vaughans approach may be of value in describing intuition but it is not suitable to test the concept. Like Vaughan, Salton is apathetic to the source of the input providing the initial drive toward an external response. Further, Salton makes no judgment about the value, or lack of value, of these explanations. The rational approach to intuition accepts the notion that the human mind has alternative methods of processing information and these methods influence behaviors. For example, Jung posits four independent but interacting categories of cognition intuition, thinking, feeling, and sensing. Each of these cate.