Loui Vuitton In India Essay Example

Loui Vuitton: In India Essay Louis Vuitton Louis Vuitton: Going Global LV the French brand, started entering global markets in 1885 with its first flagship store opened in Oxford street London. LV started with leather products then. LV concentrated then not on further expansion but on the product range. LV participated in the Universal Exhibition in Paris. In 1888 the company came up its registered trademark. In 1896 worldwide patent was created with the signature monogram canvas. After the death of Loui Vuitton in 1892 George Vuitton took over. George Vuitton initiated steps to get the company as a globally recognized corporation. He targeted the European markets by travelling in main cities and selling his products there. After creating a channel of networking in the Europe, George Vuitton shifted his direction to US. He saw huge growth prospects in US and his first step was to participate in Chicago World Fair in 1893. Later, he travelled extensively in US cities selling his product. The patenting of LV products helped in stopping counterfeiting in the global markets. George Vuitton relocated the paris flagship store from N04 Rue Neuve des Capucines to Champs Elys? ©es, in 1914 which is now known as the shoppers paradise for luxury brand stores . This store was then the biggest retail store for travel goods in the world. This was one of the pivotal turning points of making the LV brand, as travellers from US, Europe Asia started to go for it. Paris started going crazy with this store as the rich people from middle east, Rulers of the world including Kings from India became loyalists and the sales was flourishing as a premium brand. We will write a custom essay sample on Loui Vuitton: In India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Loui Vuitton: In India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Loui Vuitton: In India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer All the production was done in France only for every market. No company owned stores were opened but extensive distribution was done on the best markets in Europe and US. It was soon followed to the Asian markets including Bombay. George Vuitton expires in 1936 and his son Gaston-Louis Vuitton takes charge of the company. In 1954 which marked the 100th Anniversary of LV it launched an other flagship store in Avenue Marceau which marked the centenary celebrations of the company. New models were being tried and bought into market with peculiar and luxury designs which included bags. With 100 years of experience LV had created a respect in the market for its excellent craftsmanship and innovations adding to the products. The LV enters the Asian market with the first exclusive store opened in Osaka and Tokyo in Japan in 1978. And then followed by a tore in Singapore in 1979. After having a mark in the Asian Market with the store in Japan and Singapore, it planned its strategy to further enter into the Asian Markets including China. In 1983 the company hosted a yacht race where it was held as the Loui vuitton cup. In 1980s the company got listed in Paris and New York Stock Exchanges. In this decade LV and Moet hennesy formed the luxury conglomerate. By the end of 1980s LV had 130 stores through out the globe and the profit of the company was rising with an average of 40% growth consistently. The product line started including all leather goods from Trunks to small wallets. Monogram Canvas period, big celebrations were hosted in 7 big cities of the world. Its associating with the art even added more loyalists to the brand. Currently LV has 1 500 flagship stores globally with its own e-commerce platform of sale adding to the network. It is the worlds biggest luxury brand and a multi national corporation. The production houses have expanded from France to US, Italy, Spain and Switzerland. But leather goods production houses are only in France and Italy. Aisha Walker who Joins as the artistic director in 1997 brings first line of clothing for both men and women. What ifferentiates L V from its competitors are its product quality and prestige. LVsaw the future of luxury market around the globe. It concentrated on every part of the world. The planning strategy implemented was brilliant when it was taking on globally. The association of its product with the regional artistic and tradition raised the company to heights at a very fast paced then. LV is the first company in luxury industry to see the economic growth of emerging economies such as China and India. Loui Vuitton becomes the tagline of Social Status in the elite classes of the society. Today in China Loui Vuitton is the number one luxury brand. There is no change in the quality of the product irrespective of wherever it is manufactured. Quality benchmarking lays the foundation of LV. On each market, LV takes into account the cultural background and designs the products for the particular region with an influential value of the culture adding to LV. For example, in Japan constant innovation and the involvement of art and culture promotes the product. The price of an LV product remains equal with only a slight variation in changes. By 2001, it enterd into every segment by Joining jewellery industry as well. Loui Vuitton is the biggest luxury brand and is well positioned now Globally. Louis Vuitton in India While casually spending his weekly off, roaming the streets of Delhi, in the busy Connaught place market, Ramnaresh Thorani, the store head of Louie Vuitton, DLF Promenade faced a predicament that he was not hoping to encounter on an off day. It all started when a street hawker who did not look like a salesman offered him a Louie Vuitton wallet for an extremely cheap price, his first thought was obviously that it might be a stolen article, but on closer inspection he could make out that it was a heap knock off which could be felt as soon as he held it in his hand. He took a breath of relief and started moving forward when the hawker again pitched in that he could offer better variants called as the first copies if he was willing to shell in an amount of around 3000-4000 which are the exact replicas of the originals. Thorani couldnt shy away from that offer and followed the hawker into the Palika Bazar where he was shown the much hyped First Copy LW range and to his much displeasure, the wallets were indeed quite similar to the real deal. It was easy for him eing the store manager, to differentiate the fake from the real, by observing the slight dullness in the stamp print or the slight irregularity in the stitching pattern, but apart from that it was very tough for a customer to differentiate the fake and the real, and when there was this cheaper alternative priced at less than 10 percent of the real deal available in the same city, the teething troubles for thorani only his product with the absolute replica of the box that the wallet that Thorani was examining in his hand. Ten minutes later, as Thorani was driving out from the inner circle of the Connaught lace area, his heart was filled with concerned thoughts about his brand in India when LVwas already looking to open more stores in India, especially in Hyderabad and Kolkata. Ever since the brand took its first order from the wife of the then Emperor of the French Napoleon in 1852, the brand has been serving the royal and elite clientele worldwide. Even after over 160 years L V still maintains it image as a powerful luxury brand in the world and for six consecutive years now since 2006 it has been named the worlds most valuable luxury brand. Throughout times LV has een flaunted by big Hollywood celebrities starting from the times of Audrey Hepburn to the more recent times of Kate Moss and Reese Witherspoon. In India, LV used to be the choice of the MaharaJs when over a century ago, they used to order trunks from the French Giant, but now with the demise of royalty in India, the target market has changed. Since, very few people in the country can be dubbed as the super rich apart from celebrities and sportsmen, LV has been eyeing the middle class of the nation as probable buyers and is hopeful that at least thirty three percent of the middle class can be the target market since young professionals and ntrepreneurs have been spending more and more ever since the mall culture evolved in the country. After opening its first store in New Delhi 10 years back in 2003, currently, LV operates 5 stores in India and paved the way for other major brands like Armani, Ferragamo and Gucci in the Indian market and has a record double-digit growth locally making a good profit. Undoubtedly the brand is a big name worldwide and the only way is up Thorani thought to himself, while waiting at the red light. He remembered the words of Yves Carcelle, Chairman CEO of LV, who recently opened the fifth LV store in Chennai nd mentioned that he is well aware that his is the most counterfeited brand in the world but still it is the most ardent when it comes to fighting counterfeiters and the law is adequate to save the interests of LV. Carcelles statement did comfort Thorani a little as he stepped on the gas with the green light but kept on thinking about similar problems that were Just recently discussed at the annual meeting where he was told about other issues being faced by the brand when it came to expansion such as non- availability of store space in hubs like Mumbai where the fashion giant Just has to be ontent with stores in hotels which offers less than 10 percent of the footfall a mall could offer. Even the stores outside the hotels in India on an average are half the average size of a store abroad, where in India the average store size is 3000 square feet as compared to the 6-1 5000 square feet abroad. The counterfeits, the store sizes, the high prices in a country where acoording to a 2010 report still 29. % of the people live below the poverty line were all problems for LV that posed as big threats to sales and with foreign investor norms for single brand retail allowing 100 percent wnership only if 30 percent of the products are sourced locally when the entire portfolio of LV comes from France, the situation only worsened for the fashion giant. parking it and gradually strolled to his house thinking about the rich past, the global and Indian presence of the brand and what might the future hold for the most valuable luxury brand in the world. The case talks about the Journey of Louis Vuitton and its success across the globe. Special emphasis on the Indian presence of the brand as when the company was doing great in its traditional markets of US,Western Europe Japan, it eyed the developing Asian markets as a potential place for investment because of the rising affluence of these markets in terms of growing middle class, developing economy, higher net disposable income of the people, the influence of the West, and India was a hot favourite country as per the expansion point of view. Thus LV entered India with complete expectations of growing in the Indian market in the year 1999. LVs association with the Indian market is from the pre independence time as many maharajas of princely states specially use to place rders to the factories of LV in Paris of leather goods for their cars and leather bags for their vacation purposes so the executives of the brand were of the opinion that this relationship could give them an edge in entering the Indian market as the potential buyers will easily accept the brand variants as they were endorsed by their state kings. Some of the major aspects of the Indian market which were to be considered by LV. India was very firm on not easing or allowing any foreign companies to invest in the country post the privatisation and liberalisation reform of 991, in which a lot of restrictions were eased however the import duties were very high. India was a country of 1 . 3billion people at the time of the entry of LV in the country. Of these 1 . 3billion population more than 70% people use to live in the villages and half of them could not read or write. Another considerable fact was that there was an official ban on leather products in India which was the forte of the brand world over. Moreover the FDI norms were also not eased as the government did not allow 100% Foreign Direct Investment in a retailing venture at that time in multi brand or single brand retailing. It also has to consider the opposition party as they were in the favour of the local retailers and manufacturers and an entrance of any foreign brand will take away the bread and butter of the local producers or manufacturers. Global marketing of LV in India Luxury brands like LV have an advantage of the steadily increasing upper class and an affluent middle class. Moreover another advantage is that more than 50% of the population is under the average age of 25 which gives the brand to educate its future customers and develop their taste for the brand. Another positive aspect for the rand is that the Indian market for luxury brands is growing at a rate of 20% annually. Size of the Indian market Considering the survey done by The National Council of Applied Economic Research (NCAER), in the year 2001-02 the number of families with an annual income more than Rs 100 million was around 20,000 and the number was expected to rise up till by 2010. According to another report by the World Wealth Report the number of millionaires in dollar was 83000 in India in the year 2005 and the same report also talked about India being the 2nd fastest to grow In terms of high net segment was the class of the new rich. These were the people who had recently got hold of a lot of cash recently and were looking for avenues to spend it. They could have turned into the loyal customers of LV. Another finding of the report was that the market value of the luxury brands in India was $4 billion by 2005 and was expected to be $40 billion by 2025 which also added to the scope for the luxury brands in the Indian market. Considering the above aspects I believe that the Indian market comprises manifold business opportunities especially in the rapidly developing segment of luxury brands. And with such a name and the value that the brand arries internationally it is all the more easy for the brand to grow in such a potential market. Louis Vuitton: Problem in Indias conservative markets Louis Vuitton is trying to market a high-end brand into a low-income nation. The luxury good marketer has been facing many practical problems in India, such as the challenges of identifying potential customers, the lack of media to build its brand and the absence of high streets to open stores. In Europe and the U. S. hese luxury goods are often sold in through by the company-owned stores itself that cluster themselves in a particular area of the city called as the luxury retail cluster. After coming in India, Louis Vuitton opened up a store each inside the two luxury hotels in New Delhi Mumbai itself. Also it has to team up with other western luxury brands so as to develop a hot spot or cluster of luxury brands so as to get in the attractive customers. Another biggest problem being fa ced in India by these luxury brands is shortage of trained manpower. Its been 4 years that Puducherry has been Louis Vuitton is first manufacturing plant in Asia, but recently the French luxury Louis Vuitton has decided to sell its Indian unit toa Chennai-based firm. The prospect of a change of anagement sparked labour was due to 200-odd Indian employees on LADPs rolls going on strike since June 13 demanding that the firm regularize their services before winding up its operations and handing over the unit to the new owners. LADP is now having its two plants?one in Kurumbapet here and the other in Perambai in Tamil Nadu?to manufacture leather components for Louis Vuitton products. The management made a formal announcement about exiting India on June 13, which triggered the labour problem. It was also declared that LADP has set up Jointly by Louis Vuitton and the Puducherry-based leather fashion brand HiDesign. HiDesign did not take a stake in LADP but Louis Vuitton took a 5% stake in HiDesign. Because of this HiDesign has become the major competitor of Louis Vuitton. LADP, which had regularized the services of its administrative staff, had not confirmed the 240 workers on its rolls in the last 4 years. According to the studies; by 2022, the Indian luxury products services sector would require close to around 1. 76 million trained people to work at all levels. There has been a rising wave of urbanization, that Indians are becoming brand conscious also are ready to invest in luxury products. But the growth of luxury companies is not being able to move beyond its niche audience. Luxury brand industry has not yet been able to establish itself beyond a small a 0-30 lakhs is getting long continuously but the reach of luxury brand is slow because the medium for following this trend is limited to a limited section. That is why except for metros like Delhi, Mumbai Bangalore, there is a risk of not attracting enough customers in other cities. Also most of the builders in the past years have shield away from the idea of setting up luxury malls, it was mainly due to risk actors involved in it i. e. catering only the niche market. Most of the builders were not able to follow the international format of luxury malls in terms of infrastructure and ambience. They were only trying to focus on competitive environment which had been the necessity with top notch restaurants, cafes luxurious guest rooms. There were no big retail spaces being available for such luxurious brands. Also because of this reason the rentals for operating these stores are very high. Because of these reasons Famous French brand Louis Vuitton that was having its seven year old store t The Oberoi in New Delhi has shifted to DLF EMPORIO MALL. Pricing of these luxurious brands was also one of the major factors that created problems for these brands to enter in India which now has become such a potential market. The prices of these luxury products contains 30-40% of import duty on them with further addition of VAT i. e. 12. 5% shoots up the prices of these branded products. That is why the brand KENZO owned in by Louis Vuitton in Joint venture which entered in as a franchisee model way only a couple of years back bid goodbye to India due to poor response of sales.

Autism Paper Essay Example

Autism Paper Essay Example Autism Paper Essay Autism Paper Essay Mental Illness 1 Mental Illness Paper Angela Renee Walters University of Phoenix/Axia College Mental Illness 2 I chose the topic of Autism to do my paper on. Since I know so many people that suffer from this mental illness. I am going to explain the history and background of the disease, the signs and symptoms, identify the neurotransmitters associated with autism. I am also going to explain how autism is diagnosed, including the tests and the types of professionals involved. As well as, describe the treatments and how the patientâ„ ¢s environment can either promote or detract from successful treatment and describe how diagnosis and treatment of autism today compares to diagnosis and treatment of the past. The word autism, which has been in use for about 100 years, comes from the Greek word autos, meaning self. The term describes conditions in which a person is removed from social interaction- hence a isolated self. Eugen Bleuler, a Swiss psychiatrist, was the first person to use the word. He started using it around 1911 to refer to one group of symptoms of schizophrenia. In the 1940s, researchers in the United States began to use the term autism to describe children with emotional or social problems. Leo Kanner, a doctor from John Hopkins University, used the term to describe the withdrawn behavior of several children that he studied. At about the same time, Hans Asperger, a scientist in Germany, identified a similar condition thatâ„ ¢s now called Aspergerâ„ ¢s syndrome. Autism and schizophrenia remained linked in many researchersâ„ ¢ minds until the 1960s. It was only then that medical professionals began to have a separate understanding of autism in children. From the 1960s through the 1970s, research into treatments for autism focused on medications such as LSD, electric shock, and behavioral change techniques. The latter relied on pain and punishment. During the 1980s and 1990s, the role of behavior therapy and the use of highly controlled learning Mental Illness 3 environments emerged as the primary treatments for many forms of autism and related conditions. Currently, the cornerstone of autism therapy is behavior therapy. Other treatments are added as needed. There are different types of autism. There is Autistic disorder, Pervasive development disorder, Aspergerâ„ ¢s syndrome, Rhett syndrome, and childhood disintegrative disorder. One symptom common to all types of autism is an inability to easily communicate and interact with others. In fact, some people with autism are unable to communicate or interact at all. Others may have difficulty interpreting body language or holding a conversation. Some other symptoms linked to autism may include unusual behaviors in several different areas. Such as, interest in objects or specialized information, reactions to sensations, and ways of learning. These symptoms are usually seen early in development. Most children with severe autism are diagnosed by the age of three. Some children with milder forms of autism, such as Aspergerâ„ ¢s syndrome, may not be diagnosed until later when their problems with social interaction cause difficulties at school. Many children with autism engage in repetitive movements such as rocking and twirling, or in self-abusive behavior such as biting or head banging. Patients with autism may fail to respond to their name and often avoid eye cont act. They also cannot understand social cues such as tone of voice or facial expressions. Scientists are not certain about what causes autism, but it is likely that both genetics and environment play a role. Researchers have identified a number of genes associated with the disorder. Studies of people with autism have found irregularities in several parts of the brain. Other studies suggest that people with autism have abnormal Mental Illness 4 levels of serotonin or other neurotransmitters in the brain. These abnormalities suggest that autism could result from the disruption of normal brain development early in fetal development caused by defects in genes that control brain growth and that regulate how brain cells communicate with each other, possibly due to the influence of environmental factors on gene function. This is why patients with autism have a hard time communicating and social interactions. Autism varies widely in severity and symptoms and may go unrecognized, especially in mildly affected children or when it is masked by more debilitating handicaps. Very early indicators that require an evaluation by an expert include: no babbling or pointing by the age of one, no single words by 16 months or two-word phrases by the age of two, no response to name, loss of language or social skills, poor eye contact, excessive lining up of toys or objects, and no smiling or social responsiveness. Later indicators include: impaired ability to make friends with peers, impaired ability to initiate or sustain a conversation with others, absence or impairment of imaginative and social play, stereotyped, repetitive, or unusual use of language, restricted patterns of interest that are abnormal in intensity or focus, preoccupation with subjects or objects, and inflexible adherence to specific routines or rituals. Health care providers will often use a questionnaire or other screening instrumen ts to gather information about a childâ„ ¢s development and behavior. Some screening instruments rely solely on parent observations, while others rely on a combination of parent and doctor observation. If screening instruments indicate the possibility of autism a more comprehensive evaluation is usually indicated. A comprehensive evaluation requires a multidisciplinary team, Mental Illness 5 including a psychologist, neurologist, psychiatrist, speech therapist, and other professionals that diagnose children with autism. The team members will conduct a thorough neurological assessment and in-depth cognitive and language testing. Because hearing problems can cause behaviors that can be mistaken for autism. There is no cure for autism. Therapies and behavioral interventions are designed to remedy specific symptoms and can bring out substantial improvement. The ideal treatment coordinates therapies with interventions that meet the specific needs of each individual child. One treatment option is education/behavioral interventions. Therapist use highly structured and intensive skill-oriented training sessions to help children develop social and language skills, such as Applied Behavioral Analysis. Family counseling for the parents and siblings of children with autism often helps families cope with the particular challenges of living with a child with autism. Another treatment option is medications. Doctors may prescribe medications for treatment of specific autism-related symptoms, such as anxiety, depression, or obsessive-compulsive disorder. Antipsychotic are used to treat severe behavioral problems. Seizures can be treated with one or more anticonvulsant drugs. Medication used to treat people with attention deficit disorder can be used effectively to help decrease impulsivity and hyperactivity. Also physical therapy and occupational therapy may need to be used. It is extremely important that a patientâ„ ¢s environment be controlled. Patientâ„ ¢s with autism do better with a daily routine or schedule. The parents of the patientâ„ ¢s need to make sure that treatment is followed exactly as instructed and that their environment stays the same. Because if not it can cause the patient to get worse or retract and make the condition worse than it already Mental Illness 6 is. With a positive home life and environment patients with autism can get better. It is very important that the parents stay supportive of their special needs child. Diagnosis and treatments today are much better compared to the past when autism first came about. In the past they used harsh treatments such as electric-shock therapy and very painful techniques. Also many patientâ„ ¢s were locked away in psych wards and misdiagnosed. Today we have much better diagnosis and treatments to help patients with the disease. We have teams of doctors that work closely with each other and the parents of the patientâ„ ¢s to make sure that the right treatment is working. The diagnosis is much less painful. The treatment options today are much more individualized to each patientâ„ ¢s symptoms and specific needs. Considering that there are many forms of autism and each patientâ„ ¢s symptoms are different. We also have a variety of medications available now to treat many different symptoms. Mental Illness 7 References: National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke. Last updated: November 4, 2011. Autism Fact Sheet. Retrieved from: ninds.nih.gov/disorders/autism/detail_autism.htm WebMD, LLC. 2005-2011. Autism Spectrum Disorders. Retrieved from: webmd.com/brain/autism/history-of-autismpage=2

Differences between Leadership and Management and Three Assignment

Differences between Leadership and Management and Three Characteristics of Each Concept - Assignment Example The paper tells that three main characteristics that go, to sum up, the position of manager are that they are impersonal, efficient and focus their attention and energy on the short-term results for the organization besides being efficient, orderly and open to taking risks. On the leadership front, the three chief characteristics they possess would be are flexibility, innovation and their objectives and strategies would focus on long-term goals. Though their goals may be the same, the marked difference is that leaders concern themselves with what things mean to people, while managers concern themselves about how to get people to make them perform better to achieve their goals. In the managerial cadre, there are different levels and the skills and responsibilities that go with it. Each level has its own purpose and goals to achieve or satisfy a particular level. However, all managers share common ground on certain things such as understanding their position and what is expected of the m, networking, keeping good interpersonal relationships and managing the time, demands and constraints of the activities going on in their level. Managers do play a very vital and pivotal role in the organization as they are the main link that ropes together the different people and their departments and holds it together as an integral whole. In today’s organizations, the post of manager is critical because each level needs skills and capacity to satisfy this position. Some of the different managerial levels include Supervising, Decision making and Planning, Monitoring, Controlling, Coordinating, Consulting, and Administering. Each of these levels comes with a job responsibility and accountability and unless their skills and capabilities are adequate enough for a particular level, it is not possible to make a success of it. ideas for making progress as a whole.

The Role of a Modern Industrial Manager Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Role of a Modern Industrial Manager - Essay Example The paper tells that managers are pivotal in performing leadership functions in the organization. By definition, management refers to the activities and people involved in the four general functions of management -planning, organizing, leading and the coordination of resources. However, increasing number of literature today has tended to emphasize the difference between management and leadership. Modern management and modern management thinkers assert that management has to focus on leadership if managerial functions must be achieved. Zhong-Ming &, Takao argue that, most modern management thinkers assert that leadership must be more facilitative, participative and empowering in how visions and goals of the organizations are carried out. Industrial management is concerned with the design, improvement, and implementation of integrated systems of people, material, information, equipment, and energy. According to McGregor & Cutcher, industrial management draws upon specialized knowledge and skills in the mathematical, physical and the social sciences not leaving out the principles and methods of engineering analysis. Today, industrial management is also known as industrial engineering, operations management now encompasses services though initially applied to manufacturing. Management involves the process of directing, planning, controlling, and coordinating the activities of an organization so that predefined goals are met. However, prominent writers in the field of management see coordination as the main objective of management rather than one of its functions. In managerial terms, leadership is the way people relate themselves to an organization. Leadership is at the center of coordinating and executing management functions. The activities of an organization must be properly carried out and executed if the goals must be achieved. Managerial functions are performed by managers and leaders assigned to each of the functional areas. Acknowledged by all to be the fat her of scientific management, Frederick W. Taylor equated leadership with effective management, with focus on productivity, improvement, and efficiency, he thought of management as being generic and universal. As for Mullins, leadership is a relationship through which one person influences the behavior or actions of other people And he suggested that leadership is a dynamic process, which can be altered to suit a particular management philosophy.

REWRITE THIS PAPER FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS BY PROF Essay

REWRITE THIS PAPER FOLLOWING DIRECTIONS BY PROF - Essay Example Though McLeod rightly claims that our rights under the 1st Amendment have been curtailed through a rise in copyrighted material, he is wrong to include in his arguments gathering and protection of personal information for homeland security purposes. McLeod notes, â€Å"Information about citizens is collected by private companies and guarded for corporate purposes, or the use of the highest bidder† (245). The â€Å"Multistate Anti-TeRrorism Information eXchange (MATRIX) is such a program. With the MATRIX program, the US government collects information from private databases and uses it to its own ends† (McLeod 245). Though McLeod is not completely wrong to point out and argue against the dangers of this innovation. The MATRIX program implies that most of the information that was previously public is now proprietary thus it is privately owned. MATRIX collects data on every citizen. According to McCleod, â€Å"MATRIX collects a wide range of data, including pictures of th e subject, one’s neighbors and family members† (McLeod, 245). Also, this information is proprietary. Although this information is a collection of events and facts from a personal as well as public life of an individual, the owner and creator of this information, i.e. the individual whose data was collected, has no access to it. The Freedom of Information Act does not extend to ordinary citizens as the information has been privatized (McCleod 245). According to the Privacy Act of 1974, 5 USC 552a, cl.e, the executive has the right to collect personal information for the purpose of protecting the homeland security. However, individuals have a right to be informed of changes or disclosures of such information. By 2004, data was collected on 120,000 individuals, who were viewed as having â€Å"high terrorism factor† (Krouse 3). In cases where the use of MATRIX program is not kept in check then, the misuse of the privatized information is bound to happen (McLeod 247). McLeod cites Lt. Col. Ralph Periandi, deputy commissioner for operations with the Pennsylvania state police, who argues that these data will not be used for anti - terrorist activities only (246). They are open to misuse by the members of the US law enforcement agencies. Democracy will be cut by such actions of misuse of private information The democratic right to innovate too is tied up by such practice, as the case of ElcomSoft proves. An employee of this company attended a conference where he intended to make public an ebook reader, a tool which would allow consumers to copy books legally onto a personal computer, once they paid for this service (McLeod 248). The employee was arrested, though later acquitted together with his company, as US jury decided that they were not aware of US laws regarding intellectual property rights. Despite the arguments made by McLeod, some points about legal protection of the right to privacy should not be missed. Indeed, companies use cookies to c ollect private data such as IP address, or the social security number (Legal Information Institute). And databases collecting data about every aspect of a person’s life intrude the private sphere. However, some of this data is given away consensually by individuals. Laws attempt to protect every sphere of an individual’

Lab Scale Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard

Lab Scale Preparation of Gypsum Wallboard STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM AND SIGNIFICANCE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH (State succinctly the problem which is to be addressed. Clearly outline the importance of the problem, the originality of the approach and the impact it may have on the field if successful. Give an overview of the broader significance as well as the immediate impact of this research.) The main purpose of this research is to create a gypsum wallboard with enhanced fire resistant property. Gypsum owns a property of combined water content, is a noncombustible and acts as effective fire proofing material. When heat from fire comes in contact with a plaster wall (or gypsum wallboard), it begins to lose combined water as steam thus making the hemihydrate form of gypsum (stucco) rehydrated and it reverts back to dihydrate. Wide range requirements such as fire resistant, increase moisture resistant can be achieved by the use of different calcining methods and additives. The wide applicability of gypsum is in construction. It is also used in the chemical industries In producing the fire resistant gypsum wallboards, the various properties of GWB like thermal, physical, chemical and mechanical characteristics are to be studied which plays a major role in controlling the spread of fire in buildings. Gypsum wallboard consists mainly of gypsum i.e. calcium sulfate dihydrate, CaSO4.2H2O. Calcium sulfate in nature is mostly available in two forms: Calcium sulfate dihydrate is commonly referred as gypsum, which is one of the oldest construction materials. It naturally occurs in sedimentary deposits from ancient sea beds. The most distinguishing feature of Gypsum is that it is moderately soluble in water at room temperature and exhibits a special feature of retrograde solubility i.e. gypsum becomes less soluble at elevated temperatures. Another form of calcium sulfate is the calcium sulfate anhydrite. At a temperature of 58 ËÅ ¡C Gypsum and Anhydrite coexist, also the anhydrite exhibits the strong retrograde property but it does not revert back to gypsum as its solubility decreases with increasing temperature. Gypsum wallboard is used to make interior walls and ceilings in residential and commercial applications that often require specific fire rated assemblies. Various types of gypsum wallboard are manufactured, with the most common variety and specialized varieties such as fire resistant, water resistant, and plaster lath. Combination of beta hemihydrates stucco, water and other additives form slurry which is used in the manufacture of the gypsum wallboard. Additives such as asphalt emulsion, vermiculite, chopped fiberglass and paper fiber impart to the wallboard characteristics such as water resistance, fire resistance and strength. The fire resistance property is mainly attributed to the absorption of energy related with the loss of hydrate water going from the dihydrate (CaSo4.2H2O) and from the hemihydrates to the anhydrous form (CaSo4). Impinging heat of gypsum wallboards initially operates to reverse the hydration reaction resulting in controlling the spread of fire and penetration of flame through set gypsum structures. Fire resistance can be achieved by using appropriate additives such as fiber, glass textile fibers, vermiculite, which expands when heated, which acts against the gypsum shrinkage. Because of its worldwide occurrence and huge potential reserves, however its uses are not considered basic to survival in a national emergency, gypsum is not considered a strategic mineral. This has permitted natural economic factors to prevail in the development of the mineral worldwide, which overall is a healthy situation that should continue to prevail. PLAN OF PROCEDURE (Outline the initial approach to the problem and its feasibility. Point out innovative features, relate it to previous work including pertinent references, and indicate how this plan may contribute to the solution of the broader problem proposed.) Gypsum manufacturing process consists of three main steps (1) rock preparation, (2) calcining and (3) formulating and manufacturing. Though we start with buying the gypsum material from one of the providers so the next important step ahead is the calcination process. Gypsum is usually referred to be CaSO4.2H2O. Calcium sulfate dIiydrate undergoes calcination to form hemihydrate (CaSO41/2H2O) or anhydrous form (CaSO4). Initially the calcination process was achieved by heating the raw gypsum material in an open environment, later on with the development in science calcination was achieved by heating the gypsum material in a kiln. Kinetic studies of calcination process plays an important role in determining the gypsum product parameters. We are interested in knowing the time, temperature and rate at which the calcination process can be achieved. Initially a small amount of the gypsum material is taken and X- Ray diffraction studies are conducted on it to know its composition i.e. CaSO4. 2H2O or CaSO41/2 H2O or CaSO4 .Later after determining the form of gypsum material, thermogravimetric studies (used for the determination of weight change at different temperatures and time) are conducted on the CaSO4.2H2O to determine the temperature and time required to convert from dihydrate form to hemihydrate and anhydrite form. Again the obtained product is first subjected to XRD and SEM studies to investigate the state of gypsum i.e. dihydrate, hemihydrate or anhydrous form. This can be studied by interpreting the obtained results with the earlier established results. Later gypsum powder is subjected to different temperatures at different time intervals to determine the time and temperature required for the calcination process to finish by using Thermogravimetric Analysis Instrument also Differential Scanning Calorimetry (which determines the melting and boiling temperatures) studies are also conducted to know the melting temperatures of the product Until now the calcination process is studied by using a very small amount of the sample in a laboratory environment, the obtained results from these experiments is used to correlate with the calcination process which is done in hot air oven by using a large amount of samples. The temperature obtained from the thermogravimetric studies is used as basis for the calcination process in hot air oven. These studies are done to know the reproducibility for large scale samples. This encompasses the first step in our research. The importance of these kinetic studies related to calcination is very useful to determine the conditions for achieving the hemi hydride from calcium sulfate which undergoes rehydration process i.e is addition of water molecules to the hemi hydride form to form the gypsum wallboard. Calcium sulfate hemihydrate (CaSO41/2H2O) or Calcium sulfate anhydrite (CaSO4) undergoes rehydration in the presence of water. Rehydration plays an important role as it allows to add the additives such as glass material, vermiculite etc. to the slurry which is referred as stucco. Chemically stucco is referred as the hemihydrate form of CaSO4. These additives are added to increase the fire resistant property in addition to the strength of the wallboards. The kinetic studies related to the rehydration process are studied similar to the calcination step. These kinetic studies gives us scope for better understanding the process of gypsum wallboard. i.e the amount of water required for rehydration and also the amount of additives that can be added to the gypsum mixture to retain the chemical stability of the gypsum composition required for the wallboard manufacturing. Similar to the first step this step is studied for the time, temperature and rate of reaction in the open environment and later in the laboratory environment by using kettle. In the kettle the hemihydrate and hydride forms of calcium are reacted with the water and the obtained product is subjected to the XRD and SEM studies to determine the state of product. This is the second step in our research. The final step in our research is the lab scale preparation of gypsum wallboard which involves the dihydrate form of calcium sulfate react with the sufficient amount of water to form slurry. Theoretically about 18.6 parts of water is required to react with the 100 parts of gypsum but to get a slurry, excess of water (about 80 to 85 parts) is reacted with 100 parts of gypsum. In this step water along with 10-30 wt. % of starch such as corn starch is added to obtain milk of starch. Next about 0.1 -1.5 wt.% of amolytic enzyme such as ÃŽ ± amylase based on the starch is added and heated to the decomposition point of the starch with stirring. After the heating is stopped enzyme deactivating agent based on the starch is added in the range of 0.8 to 1.0 wt. % and mixed with water to obtain a starch paste. To the prepared starch material the calcination product is added along with water and vermiculite, glass materials which improve the fire resistance property of the gypsum wallboard. This mixture is agitated in slow motion to obtain a slurry. This slurry form of gypsum is poured into a paper sheets such as paper boards. The edges of the paper is folded upwards to retain the slurry form of gypsum. The other end of the product is covered with another paper material which helps to retain the structure of the gypsum board. This mixture is subjected to heating by using hot air press which is useful to remove the excess water and to obtain a specific structure of the gypsum board. This process is continued until all the excess water is removed. It is dried in the temperature range of 50 ËÅ ¡C-200 ËÅ ¡C. Starch paste such as denatured starch and dextrin is used as an auxiliary adhesive to prevent calcination of the crystal of gypsum dihydrate and dehydrated to give a gypsum hemihydrate in drying at high temperatures. Also to prevent separation of the gypsum core member from both paper board, hardening modifier are added to the raw material of the gypsum core member. It is effective that starch paste along with water in the gypsum core member and both paper boards migrate during drying at high temperatures, and cover the crystal of gypsum dihydrate due to water retention capability of the starch paste which developed into the fiber of the paper boards so as to prevent the calcination and dehydration of the crystals. The obtained wallboard is subjected to different analytical techniques such as Thermogravimetric analysis, Thermomechanical analysis, XRD, SEM and Differential scanning calorimetry as discussed in the calcination and rehydration step. BUDGET AND BUDGET JUSTIFICATION LAB SCALE PREPARATION OF GYPSUM WALLBOARD: Materials and supplies: A minimum of 50 pounds of raw gypsum is required to make the gypsum wallboard and test its fire resistant property by adding the additives such as starch, dextrose, glass fibers. Initially a wallboard is made without adding any additives and for that about 5 pounds of the powder is used and tested for its properties. Similarly by adding the additives wallboard are made and tested for its properties. If the properties observed are similar to the standard fire resistant properties, variations in the additives is done and another wallboard is made to test for its fire resistant property. This procedure is followed until a wallboard with improved fire resistance is observed. REFERENC5 ASTM C1396/C1396 M-01. Standard specifications for gypsum board. ASTM International: West Conshohocken, PA, 2001. Yu, L.; Brouwers, J.H. Thermal properties and microstructure of gypsum board and its dehydration products: A theoretical and experimental investigation. Fire mater.2012, 36,575-589. Baux,C.; Melinge , Y.; Lanos , C.; Jauberthie,, R. Enhanced gypsum board panels for fire protection. J. Mater civil eng. 2008, 20, 71-77. Isa, K.; Oruno, H. Thermal decomposition of calcium sulfate dehydrate under self-generated atmosphere.Bull. Chem.Soc.Jpn. 1982, 55, 3733-3737. Borrachero, M.V.; Paya, J.; Bonilla,M.; Monzo, J. The use of Thermogravimetric analysis technique for the characterization of construction materials-The gypsum case. J.Therm.Anal.Cal.2008, 91, 503-509. Anderson, L.; Jannson, B. Analytical fire design with gypsum: Atheoretical and experimental study. Lund, Institute of Fire Safety design, 1987. Green, G.W,; Sundberg, D.G. Fire resistant gypsum- core wallboard. U.S.Patent 3,616,173.1971. Freyer, D.; Voigt.W. Crystallization and phase stability of CaSO4 and CaSO4 based salts. Monatsch chem.2003, 134, 693-719. Sultan, M.A.; Roy, P. Gypsum board fall off temperature in floor assemblies exposed to standard fires. 11th International fire science engineering conference, London, UK, 2007, 979-991. Thomas,G. Thermal properties of gypsum plaster board at high temperatures. Fire mater, 2006, 26, 37-45. Benichou, N.; Sultan, M.A. Thermal properties of light weight framed construction components at elevated temperatures. Fire Mater.2007, 31, 425-442. Wakili, G.k.; Hugi, E. Four types of gypsum plaster boards and their Thermophysical properties under fire condition. J.Fire Sci. 2009, 27, 27-43. Beard, A.; Carvel, R. The hand book of tunnel fire safety, ed.; Thomas Telford publishing; Heron Quay, London, 2005. Elliott, C. Plaster of Paris Technology. Chem. Trade J. 1923, 72, 725-726. Manzello, S.L.; Gann, R.G.; Kukkuck, S.R.; Lenhert,D.B. Influence of gypsum board type (X or C) on real fire performance of assemblies. Fire Mater.2007, 31,425-442. BUDGET AND BUDGET JUSTIFICATION 1

Gun Control Controls Nothing Essay examples -- ban on assault rifles

More and more frequently, we are saddened by the news of mass shootings. Whether it takes place in a school or public area, these shootings are both disastrous and mortifying. Families begin to feel anger and sadness, and demand immediate justice. Although these terrible events continue to happen, there have been no significant steps taken towards the reduction in the number of weapons; specifically assault rifles. This leads one to question do we need to ban the right to possess such weapons? If the possession of these weapons is not made illegal, we run the risk of another attack. While there is no questioning the severity of these mass shootings, a ban on assault rifles is not the answer because they are not the cause of such events, and it is a constitutional right to own them. In 1994, Congress passed the Federal Assault Weapons Ban which eliminated the manufacturing of certain assault rifles for private use (Plumer). This bill expired in 2004, though, and was never redrafted. Many mass shootings in the last few years, especially ones at Virginia Tech, a movie theater in Colorado, and Sandy Hook elementary school in Connecticut have stirred up pressure to pass a new bill. Following the shooting at Sandy Hook Elementary School in Newtown, Connecticut last December, California Senator, Dianne Feinstein, drafted a bill to potentially ban the sale, transfer, manufacturing, and importation of assault rifles. This bill includes a ban on semiautomatic rifles, pistols, shotguns, and handguns. Additionally, it bans 157 other specifically-named firearms and certain ammunition feeding devices (Feinstein). Excluded from this ban are registered weapons at the date of the bill’s enactment and assault weapons used by military, law enforc... ...n-one-post/>. Pratt, Erich. "Background Checks Would Not Have Stopped Sandy Hook Shooter." US News. U.S.News & World Report, 18 Jan. 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. . Rosenberg, Jennifer. "Prohibition." 20th Century History. About.com, 2013. Web. 03 Dec. 2013. . "Sandy Hook Elementary Shooting: What Happened?" CNN. Cable News Network, 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. . "The Numbers Count: Mental Disorders in America." National Institute of Mental Health, 2013. Web. 02 Dec. 2013. .

In writing a narrative essay Essay

Include sensory and emotional details, so the reader will experience the story, not just read about it Have the story support the point you are making, and make reference to that point in the first sentence. Write in the first or third person Descriptive Descriptive essays have text which describes traits and characteristics of people, objects, events, feelings, etc in intricate detail. Whatever is being described will be thoroughly examined. For example, if you were describing roses, you would explain: Where they come from What they look like What colors they are How they grow and smell When you write a descriptive essay, you want to involve the reader’s senses and emotions. For example, you could say, â€Å"I got sleepy† or describe it like this, â€Å"As I was waiting for Santa, my eyelids began to get heavy, the lights on the tree began to blur with the green branches, and my head started to drop.† The second sentence gives vivid details to make the reader feel like he is there. Exposition See more: how to start a personal narrative essay examples Expository essays can compare, explore and discuss problems, or tell a story. An exposition essay gives information about various topics to the reader. It: Informs Describes Explains In writing an exposition, the text needs to: Be concise and easy to understand Give different views on a subject or report on a situation or event Explain something that may be difficult to understand as you write your essay. Remember that your purpose is to explain. Argumentative In an argumentative essay the writer is trying to convince the reader by demonstrating the truth or falsity of a topic. The writer’s position will be backed up with certain kinds of evidence, like statistics or opinions of experts. The writer is not just giving an opinion, but making an argument for or against something and supporting that argument with data. To know how to write an essay in an argumentative way, you have to research and backup what you say in the text. Learn by Example When learning how to write an essay, sometimes the best way to learn is to look and analyze essay examples. Following are excerpts from narrative essays: â€Å"Looking back on a childhood filled with events and memories, I find it rather difficult to pick on that leaves me with the fabled â€Å"warm and fuzzy feelings.† As the daughter of an Air Force Major, I had the pleasure of traveling across America in many moving trips. I have visited the monstrous trees of the Sequoia National Forest, stood on the edge of the Grande Canyon and have jumped on the beds at Caesar’s Palace in Lake Tahoe.† â€Å"The day I picked my dog up from the pound was one of the happiest days of both of our lives. I had gone to the pound just a week earlier with the idea that I would just â€Å"look† at a puppy. Of course, you can no more just look at those squiggling little faces so filled with hope and joy than you can stop the sun from setting in the morning. I knew within minutes of walking in the door that I would get a puppy†¦ but it wasn’t until I saw him that I knew I had found my puppy.† â€Å"Looking for houses was supposed to be a fun and exciting process. Unfortunately, none of the ones that we saw seemed to match the specifications that we had established. They were too small, too impersonal, too close to the neighbors. After days of finding nothing even close, we began to wonder: was there really a perfect house out there for us?† The following is an example of a famous narrative written by John Updike, â€Å"Hub Fans Bid Kid Adieu†: â€Å"The afternoon grew so glowering that in the sixth inning the arc lights were turned on–always a wan sight in the daytime, like the burning headlights of a funeral procession. Aided by the gloom, Fisher was slicing through the Sox rookies, and Williams did not come to bat in the seventh. He was second up in the eighth. This was almost certainly his last time to come to the plate in Fenway Park, and instead of merely cheering, as we had at his three previous appearances, we stood, all of us, and applauded.† Following are excerpts from descriptive essays: â€Å"Like his twisted feathers, his many scars, the reliable old owl chose the gnarled, weather-beaten, but solid branch often—it being a companion to the wise alone with the night and the last branch to creak in the heaviest wind. He often came to survey the fields and the clouds before his hunt, to listen to the steady sound of the stream passing through reeds under the bridge, while combing his feathers for the unwanteds—whatever they might be.† Here is a descriptive essay about a first visit to a favorite diner written by a student at Roane State Community College:†When entering the door at Lou’s, two things are immediately noticeable: the place is rarely empty and seems to consist of a maze of rooms. The first room, through the door, is the main part of the restaurant. There is another, rarely used, dining room off to the right. It was added during the oil well boom of the seventies. Through the main dining room is yet another room; it guards the door leading into the kitchen. This room contains the most coveted table in the place. The highest tribute Lou can bestow on anyone is to allow them access to seats at this table. This table is the family table; it is reserved for Lou’s, and her daughter Karen’s, immediate family and treasured friends.† Here is an example of a descriptive essay from St. Cloud State:†Billy Ray’s Pawn Shop and Lawn Mower Repair looked like a burial ground for country auction rejects. The blazing, red, diesel fuel tanks beamed in front of the station, looking like cheap lipstick against the pallid, wrinkled texture of the parking lot sand. The yard, not much larger than the end zone at General G. Patton High School on the north end of town, was framed with a rusted metallic hedge of lawn mowers, banana seat bicycles, and corroded oil drums. It wasn’t a calico frame of rusted parts, but rather an orchestra of unwanted machinery that Billy Ray had arranged into sections. The yellow-tanked mowers rested silently at the right of the diesel fuel. Once red, now faded orange, mowers stood at attention to the left. The oil barrels, jaded and pierced with holes, bellared like chimes when the wind was right. The bikes rested sporadically throughout the lot. In the middle of it all was the office, a faded, steel roof supported by cheap two-by-fours and zebra paneling. Billy Ray was at home, usually, five blocks east of town on Kennel Road.† Following are excerpts from exposition essays: â€Å"This family was a victim of a problem they could have avoided-a problem that, according to Florida park rangers, hundreds of visitors suffer each year.† Several times a month,† ranger Rod Torres of O’Leno State Park said, â€Å"people get scared and leave the park in the middle of the night.† Those people picked the wrong kind of park to visit. Not that there was anything wrong with the park: The hikers camped next to them loved the wild isolation of it. But it just wasn’t the kind of place the couple from New Jersey had in mind when they decided to camp out on this trip through Florida.† Here is an example of a student model answer of an Expository Essay from The Write Source:†Did you know that 7 out of 10 students have cheated at least once in the past year? Did you know that 50 percent of those students have cheated more than twice? These shocking statistics are from a survey of 9,000 U.S. high school students.Incredibly, teachers may even be encouraging their students to cheat! Last year at a school in Detroit, teachers allegedly provided their students with answers to statewide standard tests.†Here is an another example of an expository essay. This example comes from Essay Start:†Throughout history and through a cross-section of cultures, women have transformed their appearance to conform to a beauty ideal. Ancient Chinese aristocrats bound their feet as a show of femininity; American and European women in the 1800s cinched in their waists so tightly, some suffered internal damage; in some African cultures women continue to wear plates in their lower lips, continually stretching the skin to receive plates of larger size. The North American ideal of beauty has continually focussed on women’s bodies: the tiny waist of the Victorian period, the boyish figure in vogue during the flapper era, and the voluptuous curves that were the measure of beauty between the 1930s and 1950s. Current standards emphasize a toned, slender look, one that exudes fitness, youth, and health. According to psychologist Eva Szekely, â€Å"Having to be attractive at this time . . . means unequivocally having to be thin. In North America today, thinness is a precondition for being perceived by others and oneself as healthy† (19). However, this relentless pursuit of thinness is not just an example of women trying to look their best, it is also a struggle for control, acceptance and success.† Finally, here are excerpts from argumentative essays: â€Å"Gun control has been a controversial issue for years. A vast majority of citizens believe that if gun control is strictly enforced it would quickly reduce the threat of crime. Many innocent people feel they have the right to bear arms for protection, or even for the pleasure of hunting. These people are penalized for protecting their lives, or even for enjoying a common, innocent sport. To enforce gun control throughout the nation means violating a persons Constitutional rights. Although some people feel that the issue of gun control will limit crime, the issue should not exist due to the fact that guns are necessary for self defense against crime, and by enforcing gun control is violating a citizen’s second amendment right to bear arms.† Another examples of an argumentative essay comes from Bogazici University:†Throw out the bottles and boxes of drugs in your house. A new theory suggests that medicine could be bad for your health, which should at leastcome as good news to people who cannot afford to buy expensive medicine. However, it is a blow to the medicine industry, and an evenbigger blow to our confidence in the progress of science. This new theory argues that healing is at our fingertips: we can be healthy by doing Reikion on a regular basis.† On Essay By Example, on the other hand, the sample argumentative essay addresses online games and socialization:

Summary Of The Great Gatsby †English Essay

Summary Of The Great Gatsby – English Essay Free Online Research Papers Summary Of The Great Gatsby English Essay To Jay Gatsby, he only had one person he could truly confide in and tell his stories and problems to, and that person was Nick Carraway. Nick was Gatsby’s confidant, and throughout the novel exhibited ways he functioned as that confidant. Also, if Nick wasn’t in the novel, the novel would have holes and missing information that only Nick was privy to, and the story wouldn’t unfold without him. In class we discussed how Nick is the observer, basically being brought into all of the happenings in the novel between Daisy, Tom, Jordan, and Gatsby. He always seems to be dragged along, and instead of protesting he goes along with it, sometimes letting a wise crack or opinion come out of his mouth. But, throughout these happenings, he’s always been a friend to Gatsby. There are times that Nick questions whether or not Gatsby is telling the truth, or lying, but through the book Nick stays faithful to Gatsby. Since Nick stays so faithful, he witnesses events that the other characters have not witnessed. For example, you can remember back to when he’s with Tom in New York meeting Myrtle. He witnesses their relationship first hand, unlike the rest of the characters. If Nick hadn’t have been with Tom, the reader would be oblivious to how Myrtle is as a character, and as Tom’s lover. You’d also miss out on the dog Tom purchased for Myrtle, and how it connects with the death of Myrtle. Though Gatsby and Nick have a funny relationship in the novel, they still get along nicely. Nick always is questioning whether or not Gatsby is telling the truth, and Gatsby is always making sure Nick keeps his lawn trimmed to perfection. Gatsby reveals to Nick his dreams with Daisy and Gatsby never seem to let go of those dreams. Nick accepts the fact that Gatsby is hopelessly in love with a person he’ll never get back, but without him being told Gatsby’s dream, the readers wouldn’t realize how deeply infatuated Gatsby is with Daisy. The hopelessness of the romance is comical in a sense, because Nick realizes his dream will never come true because time can’t turn back. Nick seems to pop up in certain places throughout the novel, at the right time. Nick ends up at Daisy and Tom’s house after the extravaganza at the hotel in New York, and sees Gatsby watching over Daisy. While Nick is watching, he notices Tom and Daisy sitting discussing what they should do about what happened. Without Nick being present with Gatsby, the reader wouldn’t realize that Tom and Daisy were preparing to take a long trip to a far away place, deserting the problems that arose in West Egg. Last, Gatsby confides in Nick his history and his family. Nick learns how Gatsby is involved in the bond business, and how his family is â€Å"dead†. Nick also gets to see Gatsby’s father swell up with pride on his son’s achievements, when everyone else thought he was dead. Nick gets more information then any other character in the book, and he gets the same amount of information from every character. He is the only one that knows 110% about Tom, Daisy, Jordan, and Gatsby. Without Nick, there wouldn’t be a novel. Too much would be left out of the novel if Nick wasn’t there. He seals up all the cracks and holes of information and acts as a true friend to Gatsby until the end unlike any other characters in the novel. Research Papers on Summary Of The Great Gatsby - English EssayMind TravelHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayWhere Wild and West MeetHonest Iagos Truth through DeceptionHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnCapital PunishmentComparison: Letter from Birmingham and CritoStandardized TestingEffects of Television Violence on Children

Mrs Boss Essay Example

Mrs Boss Essay Example Mrs Boss Paper Mrs Boss Paper The role of music in our lives Good morning class and teacher. What is it that attracts us to music? Why do we have iPods today with thousands of songs? It’s because music is a part of earth and nature. Music is one of the greatest creation of human kind in the course of history. Music plays a vital role in our daily life. It is a way of expressing our feelings and emotions. Music is a way to escape life, which gives us relief in pain and helps us to reduce the stress of our daily routine. It helps us calm down and gives us self confidence. Like Bob Marley ones said, One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain.Music surrounds our lives at different moments of life, whether we hear it on the radio, on television, from our car and home stereos. Different kinds of music is appropriate for different occasions. Even wrabbling in the bathroom gives us a happy start to the day. Music has a very powerful therapeutic effect on the human psyche. Music is produced from sound and sound effects our sense perception in many ways. Even fish in a aquarium were once made to listen to different kinds of music and it was found that they correspondent with the beat of the music.Mind you, fish do not hear, they only felt the vibrations of the sound through water. So you can imagine what a profound effect sound and music might have on the human mind. Music effects all of us in some way or the other and it always helps, no matter what you’re going through. It’s also the most common interest of many people. People who love music, listen to it while traveling , reading, meditation, walking and some even have soft music while walking in their busy routine. It helps them to relax and escape from the stores of our day-to-day lives. Music has now become a part of our lives. The role of music in our livesGood morning class and teacher. What is it that attracts us to music? Why do we have iPods today with thousands of songs? It’s because music is a part of earth and nature. Music is one of the greatest creation of human kind in the course of history. Music plays a vital role in our daily life. It is a way of expressing our feelings and emotions. Music is a way to escape life, which gives us relief in pain and helps us to reduce the stress of our daily routine. It helps us calm down and gives us self confidence. Like Bob Marley ones said, One good thing about music, when it hits you, you feel no pain.Music surrounds our lives at different moments of life, whether we hear it on the radio, on television, from our car and home stereos. Different kinds of music is appropriate for different occasions. Even wrabbling in the bathroom gives us a happy start to the day. Music has a very powerful therapeutic effect on the human psyche. Music is produced from sound and sound effects our sense perception in many ways. Even fish in a aquarium were once made to listen to different kinds of music and it was found that they correspondent with the beat of the music.Mind you, fish do not hear, they only felt the vibrations of the sound through water. So you can imagine what a profound effect sound and music might have on the human mind. Music effects all of us in some way or the other and it always helps, no matter what you’re going through. It’s also the most common interest of many people. People who love music, listen to it while traveling , reading, meditation, walking and some even have soft music while walking in their busy routine. It helps them to relax and escape from the stores of our day-to-day lives. Music has now become a part of our lives.

The Impact of a Pandemic (SARS) on Tourism Essay

The Impact of a Pandemic (SARS) on Tourism - Essay Example Introduction Mexico has suffered a huge blow from the outbreak of swine flu in 2009. There has been a drop in the number of tourists from countries including Canada, U.S. and others. The prime reason behind this serious damage to the country’s economy is the outbreak of H1N1 virus a year ago. This virus is commonly known as swine flu. The Mexican economy has declined by 40% in 2009. The economy of Mexico was at its highest peak in the year of 2008.1 The recovery process, however, is on and is being done in a strategic manner. There is a new report on swine flu, which says that the virus H1N1 has surged down in southeastern part of the country these days.2 The southeastern part of the country is the homeland for some of the most popular and beautiful resorts in Mexico. This also includes Riviera Maya and Cancun.3 The effect of swine flu is not limited to Mexico only. Various other nations have started to feel the effect of swine flu. This paper will place a close look at the im pact of swine flu on the tourism industry of Mexico. It will also consider the impact of Swine flu beyond Mexico. For that, it will consider Kenya. Finally the paper will discuss some solution to this problem. Analysis of Swine flu’s impact on Mexican tourism industry The Mexican tourism industry is one of the worst sufferers from the outbreak of swine flu. The effect of swine flu in Mexico was not only limited to micro level, rather it affected the country at macro level. The effect of swine flu in Mexico was not limited to limited to the closure of a few hotels; rather the entire tourism sector was affected badly through the spread of H1N1. Dismal condition of the tourism sector of Mexico affected the entire economy of the country as well.4 The fall of revenue in the tourism sector of Mexico was 43% in 2009 on account of swine flu. It is said that the tourism industry in Mexico is the third largest industrial sector in the country. As far as foreign exchanged program is con cerned, its performance was quite good in 2008 although there were downturn in the global economic market. The increase in revenue from the foreign tourism was 3.5% in 2008. On the other hand, there was a rapid downfall in the revenue by 43% in 2009. This happened due to loss in business after the significant spread of swine flu in the country. This situation had an awful effect in the resorts like Cancun and Riviera Maya. The occupancy of hotel in Cancun was 75%, which dropped down by 20% during May and by early June. This fatal situation made 22 hotels of Cancun to stop their business operation5. The patterns made by air-travels have also changed during that particular year showing tourism slump. There was a decline in air traffic by 50%. This was reported by Grupo Aeropuertuario del Sureste (ASUR).6 The air trafficking was not only affected from the fear of swine flu, but there are some other facts as well. First, as a measure of prevention, the government, airport authorities, l ocal, national as well as international health organizations implemented various types of security checks on the airports. The security system became so complicated in Mexican airports that foreign travelers started to hesitate to visit Mexico. The system incorporated different sorts of complex virus check in order to ensure that no viral infected outsider enters the nation.7 Second, government also imposed

New Public Management in the UK Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

New Public Management in the UK - Essay Example This research will begin with the statement that the traditional model ÃŽ ¿f public administration is based on the bureaucracy theory. It is characterized as "an administration under the formal control ÃŽ ¿f the political leadership, based on a strictly hierarchical model ÃŽ ¿f bureaucracy, staffed by permanent, neutral and anonymous officials, motivated only by the public interest, serving any governing party equally, and not contributing to policy but merely administrating those policies decided by the politicians." The traditional model ÃŽ ¿f administration was an improvement compared to the earlier one, which was regarded as the replacement ÃŽ ¿f personal administration with an impersonal system based on rules. Indeed these were central concerns ÃŽ ¿f philosophers such as Aristotle in ancient Greece, Confucius in ancient China, and Machiavelli in medieval Italy. But the conception ÃŽ ¿f the activist, bureaucratic state, despite its earlier parallels, is in practice an essentially twentieth century phenomenon. The characteristics ÃŽ ¿f this bureaucratic state were set out most clearly by the German sociologist Max Weber in 1920, with strong echoes ÃŽ ¿f earlier writings by the American Woodrow Wilson: "There should be a clear separation between politics and administration, and therefore distinct roles for political leaders (normally elected) and state officials (normally appointed)."Administration should be continuous and predictable, operating on the basis ÃŽ ¿f written, unambiguous rules.... These principles were easily adapted to bureaucratic structures. A final addition to the traditional model was the application f the insights f social psychology, in a 'human relations' approach which is often contrasted with the scientific management approach, but in practice sought to achieve greater efficiency f performance too, though by paying attention to the need to motivate workers rather than merely control and direct them (Hughes, 1998, 35-6). Unfortunately, the ideal bureaucracy model had never happened in the real life. The critique f the traditional model is based in a comparison f the 'ideal' model f bureaucracy with what happens in real systems f public administration. Due to the limitations, the practice f traditional model resulted in the overlarge government constitution and inefficient political operation in the late 1970's in most developed countries such as UK and USA. Associated with the new development f economic and organizational theories, the idea f New Public Management" (NPM) became more and more popular. Those theories are coherent challenging with the problem f traditional model. The first challenge comes from the market economic aspect, which is concerned with the public choice. The public choice theory argues who is able to make the best choice, the government or the individual Public choice advocates the maximisation f choice by individuals for both individual freedom and efficiency reasons. Dunleavy (1986) describes people are "rational actors" because they always seek the biggest possible benefits and the least costs in their decisions. Meanwhile the bureaucrats in the traditional model will attempt to